Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1

abdominal

region inferior to the thorax (chest) and superior to the hip bones

antebrachial

,forearm (between elbow and the wrist)

antecubital

,region anterior to the elbow; also known as the cubital region

auricular, otic

ear

axillary

,armpit

brachial

,arm (between shoulder and elbow

buccal

cheek

calcaneal

,heel of the foot

carpal

,wrist

cephalic

,head

cervical

neck

coxal

hip

cranial

skull

crural

,leg (between knee and ankle)

Deltoid/Acrominal

shoulder

digital

,fingers or toes

dorsal

,back

femoral

thigh

fibular

lateral aspect of leg

frontal,

forehead

gluteal

buttock

hallux

great toe

inguinal

groin

lumbar

,relating to the loins; or the part of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis

mammary

,breast

manus

,hand

mental

chin

nasal

,nose

occipital

,posterior aspect of the head

oral

mouth

orbital

eye socket

palmar,

palm of the hand

patellar,

knee cap

pelvic,

pelvis

perineal,

diamond-shaped region between the thighs that contain the anus and selected external reproductive organs

pes, pedal

foot

plantar

sole of the foot

pollex,

thumb

popliteal

,area posterior to the knee

pubic

,anterior region of the pelvis

radial,

lateral aspect of the forearm

sacral

posterior region between the hip bones

scapular

shoulder blade

sternal

,anterior middle region of the thorax

sural,

calf

tarsal

ankle

thoracic

chest or thorax

tibial

medial aspect of the leg

ulnar

medial aspect of the forearm

umbilical

navel

Vertebral

spinal column

Anatomy

_________ deals with the structure (morphology) of the body and its parts; in other words, the names of the parts.

Physiology

________ studies the functions of a body's parts or asks the question, "how do they work?"

List the levels of organization for the human body from the simplest level to the most inclusive level.

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Atom

The smallest, complete particle of matter is the ____

Molecule

Two or more atoms chemically combined is a/an _____

Macromolecules

Large, organic molecules that are biologically important are ______

Organelles

Aggregates of macromolecules that perform specific cellular functions are _________

Cells

The basic units of structure and function for living things are ______

Tissues

A group of similar cells, performing similar functions are _____

Organs

Groups of different tissues working together to perform functions for an organism make up _______

Organ system

Groups of organs working together for a common function make up a/an ________

Organism

All the organ systems working together make up a/an ________

List the 10 Characteristics of Life shared by all organisms

Movement, Responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, Absorption, Circulation, Assimilation, Excretion

Metabolism

Taken together, the 10 characteristics of life constitute ______ - the physical and chemical events that obtain, release, and use energy.

Movement

The life characteristic _____ refers to a change in body part position and internal movement

Responsiveness

The life characteristic _____ refers to adapting to internal and external changes

Growth

The life characteristic ____ refers to increasing in size without changing shape

Reproduction

The life characteristic ____ refers to adding new cells as well as producing new organisms

Respiration

The life characteristic ____ refers to the use of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide

Digestion

The life characteristic ___ refers to the breaking down of food into simpler molecules

Absorption

The life characteristic ___ refers to moving substances through membranes through fluids

Circulation

The life characteristic ___ refers to moving body fluids

Assimilate

The life characteristic ____ refers to changing nutrients into chemically different molecules

Excretion

The life characteristic _____ refers to the removal of metabolic waste

Life depends on which 5 things that should be of both good quality and quantity.

Water, Food, Oxygen (Air), Heat, and Pressure

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a stable internal environment is called __________

Receptors

To maintain homeostasis _____ are needed to collect information about changes.

Set Point

Homeostasis is maintained around a ____ which is the normal value or range of values

Effectors

Homeostatic mechanisms use ______, muscle or glands to return conditions to the set point value.

Negative feedback mechanism

A homeostatic mechanism in which responses move opposite to the change are known as

Name two positive feedback mechanisms.

Blood clotting and Labor associated with birth

Name the two general body cavities.

Dorsal cavity and Ventral cavity

Cranial cavity

The specific dorsal cavity that contains the brain is the ______

Vertebral cavity

The specific dorsal cavity that contains the spinal cord and vertebra is the ____

Diaphragm

In the ventral cavity, the muscle known as the ____ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity

The specific ventral cavity that contains the heart and lungs is the ____

Mediastinum

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left sides by a region known as the _________

Pleural

Within the thoracic cavity, the lungs are in the smaller _____ cavity

Pericardial

Within the thoracic cavity, the heart is in the smaller ____ cavity

Abdominal and Pelvic

The Abdominopelvic cavity is further divided into the _____ and _____ cavities

Pelvic

The liver and stomach are located in the _____ cavity.

Name four smaller cavities found in the skull (not including the cranial cavity)

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, orbital cavity, and tympanic cavity (ear)

Serous membranes

____ membranes are double layered and line the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Serous

Serous membranes produce ____ fluid

Parietal pleural

Serous membranes lining the cavities containing the lungs are known as __________ membranes

Visceral pleural

Serous membranes covering the surface of the lungs are known as _________ membranes

Parietal pericardial

Serous membranes lining the cavity containing the heart are known as _______ membranes

Visceral pericardial

Serous membranes covering the surface of the heart are known as _______ membranes

Parietal peritoneal

Serous membranes lining the abdominopelvic cavity are known as ______ membranes