ATP 545 Final (6)

What are the three parts of a physical examination?

• Subjective

• Objective

• Assessment and Plan

What information is included in the subjective examination?

Information reported by the patient, including:

• Mechanism of injury (MOI)

• Pain level

• Sensation

• Duration of symptoms

What information is included in the objective examination?

Information gathered by the clinician, including:

• Palpation

• Range of motion

• Strength testing

• Special tests

• Functional testing

What is a gold standard diagnostic test?

The best available method used to determine the accuracy of another diagnostic test (e.g., MRI for ACL injuries).

What is a false positive?

A test indicates pathology when the condition is actually absent.

What is a false negative?

A test fails to identify pathology when the condition is actually present.

What is sensitivity?

The ability of a test to correctly identify patients who have the condition.

What is pretest probability?

The estimated probability that a patient has a condition before diagnostic testing, based on the clinical presentation.

What is posttest probability?

The estimated probability that a patient has a condition after considering the diagnostic test result.

What is a positive likelihood ratio (LR+)?

Indicates how much more likely a positive test result is in someone with the condition.

What is a negative likelihood ratio (LR−)?

Indicates how much less likely a negative test result is in someone with the condition.

What likelihood ratio values produce a large, often conclusive change in probability?

• LR+ > 10

• LR− < 0.1

What are predictive values?

Measures that estimate how well a diagnostic test correctly identifies patients with or without a disease.

What is a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve?

A graph that plots sensitivity against specificity to determine the best balance between the two for a diagnostic test.

What are the five characteristics of effective scientific writing?

• Clarity

• Conciseness

• Consistency

• Coherence

• Context

What information should be included in a journal article reference?

• Author(s)

• Article title

• Journal name

• Volume and issue

• Publication date

• Page numbers

• DOI or URL

What are the requirements for a reference page?

• Heading: "Reference Page"

• Single-spaced

• Same font as the document

• References listed in the order they appear in the paper

When is an in-text citation required?

Any information that is not common knowledge or that a reasonably prudent person would not already know must be cited.