cell parts function (copy)

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Acts as a protective barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell. It also supports cell communication and signaling.

Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds the organelles. It’s the site of many metabolic reactions.

Nucleus

Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes.

Mitochondria

Known as the powerhouse of the cell, it generates energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.

Ribosomes

Synthesize proteins by translating genetic information from the mRNA.

Rough ER

Studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis and modification.

Smooth ER

Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for storage or transport out of the cell.

Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign invaders like bacteria.

Peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids and amino acids, and detoxify harmful substances. They also play a role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species.

Cytoskeleton

Provides structural support to the cell, aids in cell movement, and helps transport materials within the cell.

Centrioles

Involved in cell division by helping to organize the assembly of microtubules during mitosis.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that hold various substances such as nutrients, water, or waste products. In plant cells, a large central vacuole also helps maintain cell turgor.

Chloroplasts

Sites of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Cell Wall

Provides extra structural support and protection to the cell, and helps maintain its shape.

Cilia and Flagella

Aid in cell movement. ( ) can also move fluid over the cell's surface, while ( ) are longer and usually help propel the cell itself.