chem vocab

law of conservation of mass

mater can’t be created or destroyed

law of definite proportions

pure substances always have same ratio by mass

law of multiple proportions

ratios are a whole number in 2 different chemical compounds

daltons atomic theory

1. Elements are made up of tiny particles called atoms

2. each element is characterized by there mass

3. the chemical compounds occur when atoms join to make ratios

4. chemical reactions only rearrange how chemical compounds, atoms don’t change

jj thomson

made the cathode-ray tubes using magnates and found the mass to charge ratio

mass to charge ratio

-1.76 times 10^8 coulomb/g

charge of an electron

-1.60 times 10^-19 coulomb

cathode-ray tube

an experiment that exposed electrons

coulomb

si unit for change

plumb pudding model

basically just electrons are all over, was disproven by Rutherford’s experiment

gold foil experiment

shot alpha particles in gold, deprived the plumb model

atomic number

number of protons, defines the element

atomic mass unit

1/12 mass of a carbon atom

isotopes

a element with extra/less neutrons

ions

elements missing or gaining electrons

cations

take away an electron: has a positive charge

anions

add an electron: negative charge

frequency

the waves that pass during a certain amount of time

hertz

frequency units

constructive interference

builds on each other

destructive interference

cancels out the waves

double slit experiment

showed light acts as waves

photoelectric effect

the emission of electrons from a material's surface when light or other electromagnetic radiation shines on it

quantized

distinct energy levels(minimal amount to react)

speed of light

3.00 times 10^8m/s

diffraction

when moving through slit we get lines of constructive and destructive pattern

energy in light (Einstein number)

6.626 times 10^-34

heisenberg’s uncertanty principle

position and speed knowledge are inversely proportional to it’s mass

schrodinger’s equation

probability of finding an electron with a particular amount of energy

orbital

porbabiltiy disruption map of where a electron likely is

principle quantum number

energy level=n

angular momentum quantum number

orbital type=L

magnetic quantum number

position of orbital in an XYZ plane=ML

election spin quantum number

orientation of the spin of the electron=MS