Week 4 lecture exam 11.5

Where is the thyroid gland located?

just below the larynx

What gland is the largest of the purely endocrine glands?

thyroid gland

What do the follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete?

thyroxine

What do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid secrete?

calcitonin

Function of calcitonin?

lowers blood calcium levels

What is the precursor for thyroid hormones?

thyroglobin

What is the attachment of one iodide to tyrosine called?

monoiodotyrosine (MIT)

What is the attachment of two iodide to tyrosine?

diiodotyrosine

What is called when 2 DIT molecules are coupled together?

tetraiodthyronine (T4)

What contains 1 MIT and 1 DIT combined?

tetraiodthyronine (T3)

What is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland called?

iodide deficiency goiter

What is an inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone?

hypothyroidism

What is severe hypothyroidism in adults called?

myxedema

What type of thyroid disease has the symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance and muscle weakness?

hypothyroidism

What is an overproduction of thyroid hormone?

hyperthyroidism

What type of thyroid disease has the symptoms of weight loss, hear intolerance, increased appetite?

hyperthyroidism

What is insufficient thyroid secretion during prenatal development → stunting growth and inadequate intellectual development?

cretinism

How many parathyroid glands are there?

4 (superior pair and inferior pair)

What is the only hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is the function of parathyroid hormone?

acts to raise the blood calcium levels by stimulating reabsorption of bone

What hormone raises blood calcium levels by stimulating reabsorption of bone?

parathyroid hormone

What is the most important hormone controlling the calcium concentration in the blood?

parathyroid hormone