WGU - D313 - Anatomy and Physiology 2 Digestive System Practice Test Questions with 100% accurate solutions 2026-2027
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101 Terms
Where does intrinsic factor occur?
parietal cell
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following stored feces prior to defecation?
rectum
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following stores and concentrates bile?
duodenum
3 multiple choice options
In what order from shortest to longest are the parts of the intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
3 multiple choice options
What is the substrate of salivary amylase?
polysaccharides
3 multiple choice options
Which hormone induces a watery secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas?
secretin
3 multiple choice options
What is the name of the digestive organ in which major absorption of water occurs?
large intestine
3 multiple choice options
Which substances reach the systemic circulation via lymph postabsorption?
lipids
3 multiple choice options
Where is chemical digestion initiated in the alimentary canal?
oral cavity
3 multiple choice options
Which layer of the stomach secretes mucus and is called the mucus membrane?
mucosa
3 multiple choice options
What is the sequence of the digestive process?
ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation
3 multiple choice options
Which enzyme catalyzes the disassociation of carbonic acid into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions?
carbonic anhydrase
3 multiple choice options
Which of the following are ways in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?
all of the above
3 multiple choice options
As increasing amounts of carbon dioxide enter the blood, bicarbonate ions begins to accumulate within the red blood cells. As the concentration gradient is established, bicarbonate ions move out of the red blood cells and into the blood plasma. The electrical balance between the blood plasma and red blood cells must be maintained; therefore, as one bicarbonate ion moves into the plasma, so one negatively charged ion moves into a red blood cell from the plasma. Which ion moves into the blood cell?
chloride
3 multiple choice options
Which statement is true about carbohydrates?
they provide glucose that is converted to energy
2 multiple choice options
Which statement is true about fat? Choose 2 answers
it provides nine calories per gram
it produces hormones
3 multiple choice options
Which food type is a source of carbohydrates?
vegetables
3 multiple choice options
Which element is a macronutrient?
protein
3 multiple choice options
Which macronutrient supplies amino acids to the body when the macronutrient breaks down?
protein
3 multiple choice options
The U.S. Department of Agriculture provides nutrition guidelines through its MyPlate.gov guide. Which section in MyPlate has the highest percentage?
vegetables
3 multiple choice options
A lack of which macronutrients can cause muscle wasting?
protein
2 multiple choice options
The deficiency of which vitamin causes scurvy?
vitamin C
3 multiple choice options
Which fat soluble vitamin is manufactured by the human body by exposure to sunlight?
vitamin D
3 multiple choice options
What is a function of vitamin A?
aids in maintaining a clear cornea
3 multiple choice options
Deficiencies of which 2 minerals can cause heart arrhythmias?
magnesium
calcium
3 multiple choice options
Which food item is rich in vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?
grains
3 multiple choice options
Which food item is rich in vitamin D?
dairy products
3 multiple choice options
Which disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin cyanocabalamin?
pernicious anemia
3 multiple choice options
Which organ is involved in the absorption of micronutrients?
small intestine
3 multiple choice options
Which foods are a source of water-soluble vitamins?
tomatoes
eggs
3 multiple choice options
What is the final step in the digestion process?
defecation
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of accessory organs?
break down nutrients
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is part of the alimentary canal?
stomach
3 multiple choice options
Which digestive function is accomplished by the teeth?
mechanical digestion
3 multiple choice options
What is the first step in the digestion process?
ingestion
3 multiple choice options
Which term defines assimilation of nutrients into the blood and lymph?
absorption
3 multiple choice options
Which salivary gland lies within the cheeks?
parotid
3 multiple choice options
What is the main component of saliva?
water
3 multiple choice options
Which structure forms the anterior border of the oral cavity?
lips
3 multiple choice options
Which mastication muscle elevates and retracts the mandible?
temporalis
3 multiple choice options
Which part of the pharynx is the most superior?
nasopharynx
3 multiple choice options
In which part of the pharynx does air and food get mixed?
oropharynx
2 multiple choice options
Which description matches the lower esophageal sphincter?
formed by a portion of the diaphragm
3 multiple choice options
Which phase of swallowing involves the contraction of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis?
esophageal phase
3 multiple choice options
What is the role of the epiglottis?
prevents food from entering trachea when eating
3 multiple choice options
Which structure forms the inferior border of the oral cavity?
tongue
3 multiple choice options
Which muscle on the lateral side of the skull helps in swallowing and mastication?
temporalis
3 multiple choice options
What is the hardest substance in the body?
crown
3 multiple choice options
Which structure connects the stomach to the duodenum?
pylorus
3 multiple choice options
Which structure is present in the stomach?
gastric glands
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the folds in the stomach?
to expand the stomach
3 multiple choice options
Which cells and enzymes digest protein?
chief cells, pepsin
3 multiple choice options
Which layer of the wall of the stomach is responsible for churning movements that break up food during digestion?
muscularis
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of pepsin in the stomach?
it digests protein
3 multiple choice options
Which hormone stimulates the stomach to release "gastric juices" (hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen)?
gastrin
3 multiple choice options
What is peristalsis?
smooth muscle contraction and relaxation alternately
3 multiple choice options
Which region of the stomach contains a ring of smooth muscle that allows food to pass from the stomach to the duodenum?
pyloric sphincter
3 multiple choice options
What is the correct order of the subdivisions of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
3 multiple choice options
What is the length of the small intestine?
6 m
3 multiple choice options
What is the term for the hair-like projections on the inside of the small intestine?
Villi
3 multiple choice options
Which structure guards the opening from the ileum into the large intestine?
ileocecal valve
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the crypts of Lieberkuhn?
contain cells that secrete lysozyme which protects from bacteria
3 multiple choice options
Where does the complete absorption of nutrients take place?
small intestine
3 multiple choice options
What is broken down by brush border enzymes?
proteins and carbohydrates
3 multiple choice options
What is the main action of the mucosa in the large intestines?
absorbs water and salts
3 multiple choice options
Where does the food residue enter after leaving the colon?
rectum
3 multiple choice options
Where is the vermiform appendix located?
opens into the cecum
3 multiple choice options
How often do mass movements occur in the large intestine?
every 2-3 hours
3 multiple choice options
Where are the majority of absorptive cells in the body?
mucosa of large intestine
2 multiple choice options
Which cells secrete insulin and glucagon?
cells of islets of Langerhans
3 multiple choice options
Which substance breaks down protein and activates other proteases?
trypsin
3 multiple choice options
Which lobes of the liver can be visualized on the anterior side? Choose 2 answers
left lobe
right lobe
3 multiple choice options
What is the largest gland in the human body?
liver
3 multiple choice options
Which mixture is secreted by the liver to accomplish the emulsification of lipids in the small intestine?
bile
3 multiple choice options
Which organ helps store and concentrate bile?
gall bladder
3 multiple choice options
What is the function of the pancreas?
to secrete digestive enzymes
3 multiple choice options
What do the pancreatic islet cells secrete?
hormones
3 multiple choice options
Which digestive organ stores and concentrates bile and releases it into the two-way cystic duct?
gallbladder
3 multiple choice options
Which set correctly identifies a structure and an enzyme that digests carbohydrates in that structure?
small intestine, pancreatic amylase
3 multiple choice options
What is true about glycolysis?
it is a process where monosaccharide glucose is oxidized, releasing the energy stored in its bonds to produce ATP
3 multiple choice options
Which process involves the synthesis of new glucose molecules from pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, or the amino acids alanine or glutamine?
gluconeogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
amylase
3 multiple choice options
What is the main source of energy for most cells in the body?
glucose
3 multiple choice options
Which processes can be used to make glucose if it is in short supply? Choose 2 answers
gluconeogenesis
glycogenolysis
3 multiple choice options
Where do carbohydrates absorption mostly occur?
small intestine
3 multiple choice options
Which chemical compound is used as a source of energy by the body in times of starvation?
amino acids
3 multiple choice options
What are amino acids used for within the human body?
production of enzymes, neurotransmitters, DNA, and RNA
3 multiple choice options
Which enzymes are secretes by the stomach? Choose 2 answers
pepsin
hydrochloric acid
3 multiple choice options
Which statements are true about protein anabolism? Choose 2 answers
protein anabolism means protein synthesis
protein anabolism uses essential and nonessential amino acids
3 multiple choice options
Where does a majority of lipid chemical digestion occur?
small intestine
3 multiple choice options
What is the structure that encloses triglycerides with cholesterol molecules to allow for transport?
chlyomicrons
3 multiple choice options
What is the process of the breakdown of fats known as? Choose 2 answers
lipolysis
beta-oxidation
3 multiple choice options
Where does beta-oxidation take place?
mitochondria
3 multiple choice options
What is used by the heart as the major source of fuel following several days of starvation?
ketone bodies
3 multiple choice options
Which statements are true about the fasting state? Choose 2 answers
glucagon is released
during this state the body initially uses stored glycogen
3 multiple choice options
Which molecule is a ketone body?
acetoacetate
3 multiple choice options
Which organ can use ketone bodies as an alternative source of energy?
brain
3 multiple choice options
What is the process of the formation of lipids from acetyl-CoA called?
lipogenesis
3 multiple choice options
Which lipoprotein has the lowest percentage of protein?
chylomicron lipoproteins
3 multiple choice options
Which statement applies to lipogenesis? Choose 2 answers
it is a process of synthesizing lipid molecule
excess glucose is converted to triglyceride
3 multiple choice options