Petroleum Operations

Class 3(B) Petroleum

• Bulk petroleum products that include liquid petroleum product.

• Tanks/containers with a capacity greater than 55 gallons

Class 3(P) Petroleum

• Packaged petroleum products include petroleum products and chemical products generally (lubricating oils, greases, and specialty items) that are normally packaged by the manufacturer

• Containers of 55 gallons capacity or less

Two Types of Fueling

• Retail

• Bulk

Retail Fueling

• Fueling operations occur when refueling an actual customer 

• Example: M1 Abrams, M2 Bradleys, etc.

Bulk Fueling

• Fueling operations dealing with more than 2,375 gallons of fuel.

• Typically occurs at echelons above brigade

TSC (Theater Sustainment Command) Role

• Provides direction for receiving, storing, and issue theater Class 3B stock.

• Execute theater management of Class 3B stock.

• Determines requirements and manages fuel capabilities for supported units of the command.

• Coordinates with the distribution integration and mobility branches for status on the distribution of Class 3 it manages.

• Performs as the expeditor and problem solver on all issues involving petroleum.

ESC (Expeditionary Sustainment Command) Role

• Executes management of Class 3B within the AO.

• Determines requirements and manages fuel capabilities for supported units within the AO.

• Coordinates with the distribution integration and mobility branches for status on the distribution of Class 3 it manages.

• Performs as the expeditor and problem solver on all issues involving petroleum.

SUST BDE SPO Role

• Provides area and direct Class 3B support to DSBs, BSBs, ASBs, and FSCs.

• Controls and manages the bulk fuel supply to the supported elements.

• Directs the receipt, storage, inspection, testing, issue, distribution, and accountability of bulk fuel and water stocks for the AO

Petroleum Support BN

• Role: Provide command and operational control for theater bulk petroleum storage and distribution; port terminal operations, and petroleum pipeline operations, and petroleum pipeline operations.

• Capability: 3 to 5 COs

• Parent: SUST BDE or QM petroleum group

• Command relationship: Normally attached to SUST BDE; may change based on mission requirements

• Support relationship: General support to all units in its area, unless otherwise directed.

• Span of operations: Rear of the theater support area up to the field trains.

• Mobility: Capable of 50% mobility in 1 lift using organic assets

Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating CO

• Role: Serves as petroleum operational link in its specified area of operations.

• Capability: Oversees and operation and maintenance of military distribution up to 75 miles of petroleum pipeline and transportation of class 3B. Provides bulk and retail supply point distribution, when required. Provides quality surveillance for bulk fuel in its AO.

• Parent: Petroleum support BN.

• Command relationship: Attached.

• Support relationship: General support to Army forces

• Span of operations: Operates at the theater strategic and operational level of warfare throughout the AOR.

• Mobility: Capable of 50% mobility in 1 lift using organic assets.

IPDS (Inland Petroleum Distribution System)

• Containerized system (13 20” containers)

• Flow rate: 720K gallons per day, based on 600 GPM for 20 hours

TPT (Tactical Petroleum Terminal)

• Capacity of 3.78 million gallons

• Containerized system (77 20” containers)

• Flow rate: 800 GPM to receive and 600 GPM to issue

• Found only in a Petroleum Pipeline Terminal Operating CO

Petroleum Support CO

• Role: To receive, store, and transfer bulk petroleum, provide wholesale and area support, and limited distribution.

• Capability: Receipt and issue 400,000 gallons class 3(B) per day. Store 1.8 million gallons per day. Distribute 75k gallons per day.

• Parent: Petroleum support BN.

• Command relationship: Normally assigned to a CSSB, or as an echelon above brigade asset in an area of operations.

• Support relationship: Area support to all units in its area, unless otherwise directed.

• Span of operations: Throughout the echelons above brigade area elements may operate in the brigade support area.

• Mobility: HQ and assault hoseline seciton capable of 50% mobility in 1 lift using organic assets. Pipeline PLT capable of using 100% mobility in 1 lift using organic assets.

AHS - Assault Hoseline System

• Mobile petroleum distribution system utilized to transfer large quantities of fuel between temporary bulk storage sites at varying distance up to 2.5 miles.

• Consists of 14,000 feet of lightweight, collapsible 4-inch hose mounted on 4 hose reels. (each hose reel contains approximately 3,500 feet of hose).

• Stored in 8 TRICON containers and can be transported by aircraft, rail, ground vehicles, and marine vessels.

Petroleum Liaison Team

• Assigned to HHC TSC or HHC ESC, or SUST BDE

• Provides service between supported units, host nation petroleum activities, DLA, and the petroleum requirements of the QM Group.

• Ensures proper quality surveillance procedures are used to meet US military standards.

• Determines mode of transportation requirements for bulk petroleum shipments from non-U.S. military activities to U.S. forces

• Team has only 10 personnel

PQAS - Petroleum Quality Analysis Team

• Normally assigned to an ASB or CSSB.

• Operates a petroleum laboratory used to perform complete specification and procurement acceptance testing of petroleum products received from supported units

• Provides technical assistance for handling, storing, sampling, identifying, and performing quality evaluation of petroleum products and their containers for all U.S. and allied forces on an area support basis

• Provides petroleum quality surveillance testing under field conditions on ground and aviation fuels, and limited B-level testing on packaged petroleum products, using data to make recommendations for proper use, reclamation, and disposal of the product.

• Team has only 2 personnel

PQAS-E (Enhanced)

• Performs all levels of quality surveillance test throughout all echelons

• Tests the quality of fuel (up to 21 fuel property tests)

• Determines whether the fuel is for ground or air use

• Found in a Petroleum Quality Analysis Team, HHCs of Petroleum Group, PPTO Battalion, and Petroleum Support Battalion

Medium Truck Company POL (7.5K) EAB Line Haul

• Provides the Army with motor transport capability to move bulk fuel in EAB

• Capability: 60 M915 trucks and 60 M1062 7.5K Tankers, can transport 450k gallons of fuel per haul

• Command Relationship: Normally attached to a motor transportation BN, or a CSSB

• Employed in a SUST BDE AO to provide both line haul and local haul operations

• Can be under the mission command of a CSSB or POL Support BN

• Found in Reserve/NG units

M1062 (Bulk Fuel Trailer)

• Designed for bulk delivery support over primary and secondary roads

• It does not have the fuel servicing capability as it has no pump, filter separator, hose reels or meter.

• Loading and fuel transfer operations are through bottom loading front port and rear inlet rated at 600 GPM.

Medium Truck Company POL (5k) EAB Line Haul

• Provides the Army with the motor transport capability to move bulk fuel in EAB.

• Comprised of 60 M915 tractor trucks and 60 M967 (SUBLIN M969) 5k tankers, can transport 300k gallons of fuel per haul.

• Employed in a SUST BDE AO to provide both line haul and local haul operations.

• Command relationship: Normally attached to a motor transportation BN, or a CSSB.

• Can be placed under the mission command of a CSSB or POL Support BN.

• Found in Reserve/NG units.

Medium Truck Company POL (5k) EAB Tactical

• Receives and transport bulk petroleum in support of division/corps or theater operations.

• Can transport 300K gallons of fuel per haul.

• Employed in a SUST BDE AO to provide both line haul and local haul operations.

• Command relationship: Normally attached to a motor transportation BN, CSSB, or Division Sustainment BN.

• Can be placed under the mission command of a CSSB, DSSB, or POL Support BN.

• Unit has 60 M1088 medium tactical vehicle (MTV) tractor trucks, and 60 M967 5k fuel tankers.

M967

• Designed for wholesale bulk delivery only over general highway and limited cross-country use.

• The pumping system can deliver bulk fuel at a rate of up to 600 GPM and self-loading at a rate up to 300 GPM.

M969

• Fuel servicing (retail and bulk service) 5,000-gallon tanker

• Equipped with a diesel engine driven pump that has a bulk delivery rate of up to 600 GPM and a self-load rate of 300 GPM, and 300 GPM filter separator.

Quartermaster Composite Supply Company (QM CSC)

• Role: To provide class 1 perishable and semi-perishable supply, retrogrades support, petroleum supply, water supply support, shower and laundry service to supported units.

• Capability: Can receive, store, and issue up to 540,000 gallons class 3B per day.

• Parent: DSSB or CSSB

• Command Relationship: Assigned to DSSB. Attached to CSSB.

• Support Relationship: General support to units within area of operations.

• Span of Operations: Corps support area as far forward as brigade support area.

• Mobility Index: Capable of 48% mobility in 1 lift using organic assets.

FSSP

Army’s primary means of distributing and issuing bulk petroleum to combat forces.

120K FSSP

Consists of:

• 2 each 350 GPM pump

• 2 each 250 GPM Filter Separator

• 6 each 20K Collapsible tanks

300K FSSP

Consists of:

• 2 each 350 GPM pump

• 2 each 350 GPM Filter Separator

• 6 each 50K Collapsible tanks

800K FSSP

Consists of:

• 2 each 600 GPM pumps

• 4 each 350 GPM filter separator

• 4 each 210K Collapsible tanks

BSB SPO Role

• Provides technical expertise on supply and distribution of petroleum and water

• Reviews bulk fuel forecasts and adjust the forecast after coordination with the SPO and BCT S4

• Manages BCT fuel stocks within the Distribution Company

• Directs distribution of fuel within the BCT

• Forecasts requirements and forwards to DSB SPO supply/services division

• Maintains stock status

• Coordinates/synchronized inbound fuel

A CO, BSB

Mission: Provides vehicles and personnel for delivery of water and Class 3B forward to the FSCs and maneuver units.

Key Tasks:

• Report stock status to BSB SPO

• Coordinates with BSB SPO for receipt of DSB/SUST BDE fuel resupply

• Provides reinforcing Class 3B resupply to the FSCs (one combat load for the BCT) and area support to the brigade units.

• Provides retail fuel capability to individual vehicles within the BSA.

• Provides supply point bulk distribution to other units within the BSA.

FSC

Mission: Conducts Class 3B replenishment operations in support of their respective maneuver battalion.

Key Tasks:

• FSC CP and the BN S4 will coordinate refueling site and quantity

• Provide bulk fuel status to BN S4.

• Distribution platoon conducts routine tactical refueling of maneuver companies

Forward Area Refueling Equipment (FARE-2)

• Used to rapidly establishing a two-point refueling system for both wheeled and tracked vehicles in forward combat areas.

• Consists of a 100 GPM Diesel Engine Driven (DED) pump, 100 GPM filter separator, various nozzles, and two (2) each 500 gallon collapsible drums.

Pump Rank Modules of Modular Fuel System (PRM of MFS)

• PRM has a 600 GPM pump/filtration and integrated storage with all the hosed, fittings and nozzles for 8 retail or bulk refueling points.

• MFS Pump Rank Module provides the pumping capability for Tank Racks in fuel farm or Refuel on the Move configuration.

Tank Rank Module of Modular Fuel System (TRM of MFS)

• 2,500 gallon tactical transportable system is utilized for bulk fuel distribution. Capable of receiving, storing, and issuing fuel.

• Has one retail nozzle, filter separator, and meter to perform retail operations while trailer mounted or on the ground.

Tank Pump Unit (TPU)

• Mobile fuel transporter

• Used to provide retail fuel to ground vehicles and generators

• 1,200 gallon capacity or 1,000 gallon capacity (depends on the model)

• Flow rate: 20 GPM

• Mounted on 5 ton truck

Fuel Drum (Blivet)

• 500-gallon capacity

• Component of the AAFARS or FARE system

• Aerial delivery usage

• Item can be ordered through supply system to increase storage for units

M978 (HEMTT)

• Tanker module has a 2,500 gallon capacity and 2 fuel resupply nozzles.

• A 10 ton, 8 × 8 all-terrain vehicle with 66,000 pounds GVWR and 109,000 lbs. GCWR

Refuel on the Move (ROM) System

• Can provide refueling for up to 8 vehicles

• Primary fuel source for the ROM is the M969 semi-trailer. The FSSP could be used as the fuel source.

3 Combat Loads for the ABCT

• At the unit (vehicle fuel tank)

• At the FSC (HEMTT Fuel Tankers)

• At the BSB (HEMTT and 5k Fuel Tankers)

Petroleum Operations Planning Considerations

• Time

• Distance

• Terrain

• Tactical Mission