Deaf Culture chapter 1 quiz

What is deaf culture?

the beliefs, mores, artistic expressions, behaviors, understanding, and language expressions that Deaf people use.

How is deaf culture spread and how does it differ from the American hearing society?

Spread via: horizontal transfer from deaf person to deaf person

Differs from American hearing society:

• ASL = full visual language, not English-based

• Deafness is viewed as cultural identity vs. hearing culture which is viewed as a “disability to fix"

• Things like direct eye contact, waving/tapping, flashing lights which would be considered unusual in hearing culture are considered normal

What are the common characteristics of american deaf culture?

• Vibrant social linguistic identity

• Shared visual life-style

• Strong community collectivism

How has hearing society influenced deaf culture?

Hearing society has shaped Deaf culture largely through opposition and resistance - policies like oralism, medicalizing deafness as a "disability" to be fixed rather than a linguistic/cultural identity, and marginalizing Deaf people from mainstream institutions pushed Deaf communities to form their own tight-knit culture, language, schools, and shared identity as a means of survival, pride, and self-determination.

What are the groups in the deaf community?

-Deaf

-Hard of hearing

-Late-deafened

-DeafBlind

-Deaf children of deaf parents

-Deaf children of hearing parents

-Hearing members in deaf families

-Deaf disabled

-Deaf people of color

What are some major historical influences that shaped american deaf culture?

• Founding of the american school for the deaf

• Birth of ASL

• Marthas vineyard

• Gallaudet university

• The Milan conference

• Americans with disabilities act

Approximately how many deaf or hard of hearing people are in the US?

36 million

What are the two common causes of hearing loss?

1. congenital (present before or at birth)

2. acquired (due to environmental factors and or aging)

What are the two types of deafness?

1. sensorineural (nerve based)

2. conductive (mechanism based)

ASL has what features of all languages?

nouns, verbs, phonology, and so on

Why is a critical mass of deaf people needed to see sign language begin?

Because language requires a shared, interactive community to develop its grammar, vocabulary, and intergenerational transmission

ASL is a combination of what historical signed languages?

old french sign language, marthas vineyard sign language

What historical community in the U.S. demonstrated an equitable language attitude towards spoken english and signed language?

Marthas vineyard

Who were two deaf people and hearing person that first spotlighted the linguistic characteristics of ASL, and when was their work published?

William Stokoe, Dorothy Casterline, Carl Croneberg

published 1965

How is Andrew Foster an example of how ASL is spread throughout the world?

He used ASL as the linguistic foundation to establish formal education systems for tens of thousands of Deaf individuals