HESI A2 - Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

Flashcards covering anatomy and physiology basics, anatomical position, body divisions, body cavities, anatomical/regional terms, landmarks, and directional terms from the HESI A2 lesson.

Anatomy

The study of the structures of the body.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body, or how body structures work.

Body cavity

A hollow area of the body containing organs.

Positional term

A term used to describe the specific location of a body structure.

Regional term

A term describing a specific part or region of the body.

Standard anatomical reference position

Anatomical position.

Anatomical position

Standing upright and facing forward, with the arms at the sides and the palms facing forward.

Anatomical position facing direction

Forward.

Anatomical position palm direction

Forward.

Importance of anatomical position

It provides a standard reference for describing the locations and relationships of body structures.

Basic sections of the human body

The axial section and the appendicular section.

Axial section contents

The head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular section contents

The arms and legs.

Upper and lower extremities

Another name for the arms and legs.

Upper extremity

An arm or upper limb.

Lower extremity

A leg or lower limb.

Large body cavities

The ventral cavity and dorsal cavity.

Ventral cavity location

In the front portion of the body.

Dorsal cavity location

In the back or posterior portion of the body.

Ventral cavity major cavities

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.

Thoracic cavity location

In the chest area.

Abdominopelvic cavity location

In the abdominal and pelvic area.

Diaphragm

Separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Dorsal cavity major cavities

The cranial cavity and spinal canal.

Cranial cavity location

Within the head or skull.

Cranial cavity organ

The brain.

Spinal canal location

Runs down the back within the vertebral column.

Spinal canal contents

The spinal cord.

Oral cavity contents

The teeth and tongue.

Oral cavity

The cavity of the mouth.

Nasal cavity

The cavity associated with the nose and sinuses.

Orbital cavity contents

The eyes and associated muscles and nerves.

Orbital cavity

The cavity containing the eyes.

Middle ear cavity contents

The middle ear bones.

Pes

Anatomical term for the foot.

Pedal

Regional term for the foot.

Crus

Anatomical term for the shin or lower leg.

Crural

Regional term for the shin or lower leg.

Sura

Anatomical term for the calf.

Sural

Regional term for the calf.

Patella

Anatomical term for the front of the knee or kneecap.

Patellar

Regional term for the front of the knee.

Popliteus

Anatomical term for the back of the knee in this lesson.

Popliteal

Regional term for the back of the knee.

Femoris

Anatomical term for the thigh.

Femoral

Regional term for the thigh.

Inguina

Anatomical term for the groin.

Inguinal

Regional term for the groin.

Gluteal

Regional term for the buttock.

Abdomen

Anatomical term for the stomach or abdominal area.

Abdominal

Regional term for the abdomen.

Lumbus

Anatomical term for the lower back.

Lumbar

Regional term for the lower back.

Thorax

Anatomical term for the chest and middle back.

Thoracic

Regional term for the thorax.

Pectoris

Anatomical term for the lateral chest.

Pectoral

Regional term for the lateral chest.

Sternum

Anatomical term for the middle chest.

Sternal

Regional term for the middle chest.

Cervicis

Anatomical term for the neck.

Cervical

Regional term for the neck.

Mentum

Anatomical term for the chin.

Mental

Regional term for the chin (in anatomy, refers to the chin, not the mind).

Cephalon

Anatomical term for the head.

Cephalic

Regional term for the head.

Acromion

Anatomical term for the shoulder.

Acromial

Regional term for the shoulder.

Brachium

Anatomical term for the arm.

Brachial

Regional term for the arm.

Antecubitus

Anatomical term for the front of the elbow.

Antecubital

Regional term for the front of the elbow.

Olecranon

Anatomical term for the back of the elbow.

Olecranal

Regional term for the back of the elbow.

Antebrachium

Anatomical term for the forearm.

Antebrachial

Regional term for the forearm.

Carpus

Anatomical term for the wrist.

Carpal

Regional term for the wrist.

Manus

Anatomical term for the hand.

Manual

Regional term for the hand.

Frontal region

Forehead.

Orbital or ocular region

Eye area.

Nasal region

Nose.

Otic region

Ear.

Buccal region

Cheek.

Oral region

Mouth.

Axillary region

Armpit.

Mammary region

Breast area.

Umbilical region

Navel or belly-button area.

Pelvic region

Pelvis.

Pubic region

Genital or pubic area.

Palmar region

Palm of the hand.

Digital region of the hand

Fingers.

Pollex

Thumb.

Tarsal region

Ankle.

Digital region of the foot

Toes.

Hallux

Great or big toe.

Calcaneal region

Heel.

Plantar region

Sole of the foot.

Superior

Above or toward the upper part of the body.

Opposite of superior

Inferior.