Biological Foundations of Behavior: Major Neurotransmitters, Synapses, and Addiction

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Last updated 3:26 PM on 8/27/26
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20 Terms

1
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Dopamine
Drives reward, motivation, reinforcement learning, attention, and movement execution.
2
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Serotonin
Regulates mood, sleep, appetite, impulse control, and emotional processing.
3
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
Facilitates skeletal muscle contraction, attention, learning, memory, and arousal.
4
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Glutamate
Primary excitatory neurotransmitter critical for neural communication, learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.
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GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
Principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, calming neural activity and regulating anxiety.
6
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Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
Involved in alertness, attention, arousal, stress responses, and vigilance.
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Endorphins
Endogenous opioid peptides that regulate pain, stress responses, and reward processing.
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Melatonin
Hormone that regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleepiness.
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Oxytocin
Hormone and neuropeptide involved in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding.
10
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Substance P
Neuropeptide that mediates pain transmission and inflammation.
11
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Dopamine

Drives reward, motivation, reinforcement learning, attention, and movement execution.

12
New cards

Serotonin

Regulates mood, sleep, appetite, impulse control, and emotional processing.

13
New cards

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Facilitates skeletal muscle contraction, attention, learning, memory, and arousal.

14
New cards

Glutamate

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter critical for neural communication, learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.

15
New cards

GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)

Principal inhibitory neurotransmitter, calming neural activity and regulating anxiety.

16
New cards

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Involved in alertness, attention, arousal, stress responses, and vigilance.

17
New cards

Endorphins

Endogenous opioid peptides that regulate pain, stress responses, and reward processing.

18
New cards

Melatonin

Hormone that regulates circadian rhythms and promotes sleepiness.

19
New cards

Oxytocin

Hormone and neuropeptide involved in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding.

20
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Substance P

Neuropeptide that mediates pain transmission and inflammation.