Isabella Meredith - Q4 Test

Convents

Religious communities where nuns lived, worked, and prayed together under monastic rules.

Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians to capture the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Universities

Centers of higher learning that emerged in medieval Europe to teach theology, law, medicine, and the arts.

St. Thomas Aquinas

 A medieval theologian who combined Christian doctrine with Aristotelian philosophy.

Black Death

A deadly plague that killed about one-third of Europe’s population in the mid-14th century.

Inquisition

Church-led courts that investigated and punished heresy to maintain religious unity.

African religious beliefs

Traditional faiths in Africa often centered on ancestors, spirits, and nature worship.

Family

The basic social unit in many African societies, often extending beyond the nuclear family.

Berbers

Indigenous North African people known for their trade networks and desert settlements.

Mali

 A powerful West African empire famed for its wealth, especially in gold, from the 13th to 16th centuries.

Mansa Musa

The wealthy ruler of Mali who made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and boosted his empire’s fame.

Sunni Ali

The first great ruler of the Songhai Empire who expanded its territory through conquest.

Songhai

 A West African empire that became one of the largest Islamic states in history by the 15th century.

Anasazi

Ancient Native American people in the Southwest known for cliff dwellings and pueblos.

Mississippi River Valley

Region where mound-building societies like the Mississippians built large earthen structures.

Aztecs

Mesoamerican civilization in central Mexico known for their capital city Tenochtitlán and human sacrifices.

Inca Empire

Vast Andean civilization in South America with a sophisticated road system and centralized government.

Machiavelli

Italian political writer whose work “The Prince” advised rulers on power and statecraft.

Florence

A wealthy Italian city-state that became the cradle of the Renaissance.

Christine de Pizan

A medieval writer who advocated for women’s education and authored “The Book of the City of Ladies.”

Humanism

An intellectual movement that focused on classical learning and human potential.

Humanist education

A curriculum emphasizing grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy drawn from classical texts.

Renaissance architecture

A style reviving classical Roman designs, symmetry, and proportion in buildings.

Renaissance art

Creative works emphasizing realism, perspective, and human emotion drawn from classical inspiration.