Isomers and Stereochemistry Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering stereochemistry, isomerism, fatty acids, chirality, and carbohydrate structural projections from the lecture notes.

Isomers

molecules have the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently

cis isomer

important groups are located on the same side

trans isomer

important groups are located on opposite sides of a double bond

cis fatty acid

has a bend kink in its chain

trans fatty acid

chain is straight

saturated fatty acid

it has no $c=c$ double bond

unsaturated fatty acid

it has one or more $c=c$ double bond

steroisomers

same molecular formula and connectivity but different 3d arrangement

cis-trans isomers

type of steroisomer caused by restricted rotation

Ring compound

cis/trans can also occur when groups are attached to a ring

restricted rotation

cis trans occurs because $c=c$ double bonds can't freely rotate

dipole moment

measure of separation of oos and nega charge in molecule

chiral carbon

carbon that is attached to 4 different groups

achiral carbon

carbon that isn't attached to 4diff groups

chiral center

changes overall 3d structure, atom where diff arrangements of attached groups can produce diff steroisomers c2-c5

enantiomers

non-superimposable mirror images

diastereomers

stereoisomers that are not mirror images

fishcher projection

ways of representing sugar in straight chain form (2d-3d) using horizontal n vertical lines to show 3D arrangement

horizontal bonds

facing towards the viewer

vertical bonds

facing away the viewer

D-sugar

sugar OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl is on the right

L-sugar

sugar whose OH group on the chiral carbon farthest from the carbonyl is on the left

haworth projection

ways of representing sugar in its cyclic ring form

rlrr

oh arrangement c2-c5 D-glucose

rlrl

oh arrangement c2-c5 L-glucose