Study block 1 - reproduction and genitourinary

Penis

For intercourse as well as ruination. Has many nerve endings and has a good supply of blood

Testes

Male reproductive glands, produce the hormone testosterone, also produce sperm

Epididymis

Located at the back of the testes where sperm is stored

Prostate glands

Regulated by testosterone, key function to produce the fluid which combines with sperm to make semen

Urethra

Tube which transport urine and semen to outside the body

Sprematogenesis

The production of sperm. Spermatocytes divide via meiosis.

Ovaries

Responsible for the production of ova, and female hormone oestrogen and progesterone

Fallopian tube

Tubes that the ova travel from the ovary to the uterus

Cervix

Pathway between the uterus and vagina

Oogeneis

The production of the female egg.

Primary infertility

When someone whos never conceived a child in the past has difficulty conceiving

Secondary infertility

Where someone has had 1 or more pregnancies in the past, but is having trouble conceiving again.

Causes of infertility in women

Ovulation disorders, thyroid disorders, chronic diseases, endometriosis, STDs, drugs, age, lifestyle factors

Causes of infertility in men

Abnormal sperm production, drugs, exposure to heat, lifestyle factors

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

An endocrine disorder when a women develops multiple ovarian cysts and produce excess testosterone, its also linked to high insulin levels

Symptoms of PCOS

Unwanted hair growth, menstrual irregularities, acne, obesity and fertility problems

Treatment of PCOS

Clomifene - blocks the effects of oestrogen

Metformin - can be used to treat PCOS because of its high effect on insulin levels

Combined oral contraceptives

Endometriosis

A condition when tissue from the lining of the uterus is found in abnormal locations (ovary, falllopian tubes, vagina, rectum)

Symptoms of endometriosis

Serve pain, excessive menstrual bleeding, infertility

Treatment of endometriosis

NSAIDS, combined oral contraceptives, danazol