Rohan_version_MKBS_314-_study_unit_2.1

Central Dogma

A framework for understanding the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein.

Genetic Engineering

The process of manipulating an organism's DNA to create desired traits or outcomes.

Molecular Cloning

A set of techniques used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and propagate them in a host organism.

Vectors

DNA molecules used to transfer genetic material into another cell.

Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

A laboratory technique used to separate nucleic acids based on size.

DNA Transformation

The process of introducing foreign DNA into a host cell.

Electroporation

A method to introduce DNA into cells using an electrical field to increase permeability.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences by repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.

Denaturation in PCR

The step where the double-stranded DNA is heated to separate into single strands.

Annealing in PCR

The step where primers bind to the complementary DNA sequences on the template strand.

Extension in PCR

The step where DNA polymerase synthesizes new strands of DNA by adding nucleotides to the primers.

dNTPs

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates, the building blocks of DNA used in PCR.

Primers

Short sequences of nucleotides that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis during PCR.

Taq Polymerase

A heat-stable DNA polymerase enzyme commonly used in PCR.

cDNA

Complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template during reverse transcription.

RT-PCR

Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction; a technique to amplify RNA.

Multiplex PCR

A PCR technique that allows simultaneous amplification of multiple DNA targets in a single reaction.

Nested PCR

A two-step PCR procedure that uses internal primers for increased specificity and sensitivity.

Real-Time PCR (QPCR)

A quantitative PCR technique that measures DNA amplification in real-time.

Blotting Techniques

Methods used to transfer nucleic acids or proteins onto membranes for detection.

Gene Cloning

The process of making multiple copies of a specific gene.

Polymerase Chain Reaction Mechanism

The process of amplifying DNA through cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension.

Thermocycler

An instrument used to amplify DNA via PCR by changing the temperature in cycles.