history..finals..?
The Industrial Revolution
the global development and rise of industrial technology and the transition from wide-spread agriculture to manufacturing c. 1750-1850 CE.​
The Scramble for Africa
the artificial drawing of African political boundaries among European powers in the end of the 19th century. Led to the partitioning of several ethnicities across newly created African states.
Exclusivism
an orientation regarding anyone outside of a certain group to be wrong
Cosmopolitanism
opposite of exclusivism; believing that typically the ideas and institutions within a society that allow for cooperation in the face of conflict
World War I
The Great War, leaving 15million+ people dead. Germany was said to be the cause by the other countries.
What was the “cause” of WWI?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 18, 1914
What ancient culture inspired WWI?
the Romans
serf
combination of a slave and peasant (sold with land, not individually)
The Triple Entente
Frace, Britian, Russia (The Allies)
The Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (The Central Powers
The Great Depression
an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression leading to the crash of the stock market in the U.S.
The Weimar Republic
German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history. (between WWI and WWII
Colonialism
a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement
exploitation (colonialism)
the use of force to control another country for purposes of exploiting its population as labor and its natural resources as raw material
collaboration (colonialism)
simplifies the process of rule by including members of the colonized in administrative roles. working together in colonialism
primitive
the primordial or original ones or stateless people governed solely by customs and kinship
civilized
hose who live their lives within states and governed by laws
Just War Considerations
good cause, lawful, good intention, last resort
The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire
the British had a colony at every part of the world. therefore, the sun would be up on at least on of them.
Cold War
state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage, or proxy wars waged by surrogates. (specifically Russia and U.S.)
Communism
operated counter to Capitalism, the economic model on which the US was based – and what many considered our way of life.​ (opposite of Capitalism)
Fear of Communism
fear of nuclear weapons, fear for religion and the American and capitalist way of life.  People even started to fear their neighbors and co-workers.
Domino Theory
if one nation/region fell to Communism, they all would.
World War II
1939-1945; Allies vs. Axis and the rise of Nazism. Followed the Treaty of Versailles. After Hitler rose to power, his desire for land and territory grew, and he wanted to take over the world.
Treaty of Versailles
created after WWI; globally, everyone blamed the war on Germany and gave them punishments such as loss of land, economy, military, etc.
1945
May - Germans surrendered;
July - Allies divide Germany & Berlin;
August - U.S. dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki;
September - Japanese surrendered;
October - the United Nation was formed;
November - Nuremberg Trials;
December - The World Bank is created
Decolonialization
involving the freedom from colonial control with the goal of independence
Nationalism
identification with one's own nation and support for its interests
Colonialism
practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country
Isolationism
policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.
The Opium Wars
Britain got Chinese people addicted to Opium via the Opium Trade. China declared war as a means to end it.
Appeasment
giving the opposing side in an argument or war an advantage that they have demanded, in order to prevent further disagreement. (but trying not to let them have any more)
Proxy War
a war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved; indirect conflict
cotton gin
invention by Eli Whitney turning cotton plants into fabric; it was intended to reduce labor, but increased it instead.
Steam Engine
heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid first drawn up by Thomas Savery
Imperialism
a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. mass colonialism.
Total War
engagement tactic not recognizing anything as off-limits
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
What happens when one country in NATO is attacked?
They all are.
Manhattan Project
U.S. government research project producing the first atomic bombs (1942-1945).
Proportionality
concept stating that military objectives should not be expected to cause destruction of civilians or civilizations/cities
Hydrogen Bomb
bomb rapidly releasing energy during the nuclear fusion of hydrogen with an atomic bomb trigger
Enola Gay
American B-29 bomber dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima
Mutually Assured Destruction
if one superpower drops a nuclear bomb on another, then a nuclear bomb will be dropped on them by the other
Aggression
declaration of war by a State against the Charter of the United Nation onto another State
Nonproliferation
preventing the increase of certain items (e.g. bombs)
Just War
a war labelled as justifiable morally or theologically
Jus in Bello
criteria prosecuting a just war (during)
Jus ad Bellum
criteria justifying a war (before)
Discrimination
prejudicial or unjust treatment of certain people
Atomic Bomb
destructive bomb rapidly releasing nuclear energy causing heat, blast, or radioactive damage
Non-combatant Immunity
people not engaging in fight during a war
IAEA
International Atomic Energy Agency – center for cooperation of the nuclear field, promoting safety
ICC
International Criminal Court – tries people charged with unjust crimes
ICBM
Intercontinental ballistic missile – missile with a range greater than 3,400 miles
Fasces
weapon from the Romans associated with Fascism
Musolini
fascist ruling Italy in WWII
Hitler
Nazi & leader of Germany during WWII. Is responsible for the Holocaust and many actions in the war.
What is history?
data, lens/perspective, interpretation