World History Finals

history..finals..?

The Industrial Revolution

the global development and rise of industrial technology and the transition from wide-spread agriculture to manufacturing c. 1750-1850 CE.​

The Scramble for Africa

the artificial drawing of African political boundaries among European powers in the end of the 19th century. Led to the partitioning of several ethnicities across newly created African states.

Exclusivism

an orientation regarding anyone outside of a certain group to be wrong

Cosmopolitanism

opposite of exclusivism; believing that typically the ideas and institutions within a society that allow for cooperation in the face of conflict

World War I

The Great War, leaving 15million+ people dead. Germany was said to be the cause by the other countries.

What was the “cause” of WWI?

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 18, 1914

What ancient culture inspired WWI?

the Romans

serf

combination of a slave and peasant (sold with land, not individually)

The Triple Entente

Frace, Britian, Russia (The Allies)

The Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (The Central Powers

The Great Depression

an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression leading to the crash of the stock market in the U.S.

The Weimar Republic

German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history. (between WWI and WWII

Colonialism

a country controls people or areas, often by establishing colonies, generally for strategic and economic advancement

exploitation (colonialism)

the use of force to control another country for purposes of exploiting its population as labor and its natural resources as raw material

collaboration (colonialism)

simplifies the process of rule by including members of the colonized in administrative roles. working together in colonialism

primitive

the primordial or original ones or stateless people governed solely by customs and kinship

civilized

hose who live their lives within states and governed by laws

Just War Considerations

good cause, lawful, good intention, last resort

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire

the British had a colony at every part of the world. therefore, the sun would be up on at least on of them.

Cold War

 state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage, or proxy wars waged by surrogates. (specifically Russia and U.S.)

Communism

operated counter to Capitalism, the economic model on which the US was based – and what many considered our way of life.​ (opposite of Capitalism)

Fear of Communism

fear of nuclear weapons, fear for religion and the American and capitalist way of life.  People even started to fear their neighbors and co-workers.

Domino Theory

if one nation/region fell to Communism, they all would.

World War II

1939-1945; Allies vs. Axis and the rise of Nazism. Followed the Treaty of Versailles. After Hitler rose to power, his desire for land and territory grew, and he wanted to take over the world.

Treaty of Versailles

created after WWI; globally, everyone blamed the war on Germany and gave them punishments such as loss of land, economy, military, etc.

1945

May - Germans surrendered;

July - Allies divide Germany & Berlin;

August - U.S. dropped bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki;

September - Japanese surrendered;

October - the United Nation was formed;

November - Nuremberg Trials;

December - The World Bank is created

Decolonialization

involving the freedom from colonial control with the goal of independence

Nationalism

identification with one's own nation and support for its interests

Colonialism

practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country

Isolationism

policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries.

The Opium Wars

Britain got Chinese people addicted to Opium via the Opium Trade. China declared war as a means to end it.

Appeasment

giving the opposing side in an argument or war an advantage that they have demanded, in order to prevent further disagreement. (but trying not to let them have any more)

Proxy War

a war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved; indirect conflict

cotton gin

invention by Eli Whitney turning cotton plants into fabric; it was intended to reduce labor, but increased it instead.

Steam Engine

heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid first drawn up by Thomas Savery

Imperialism

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force. mass colonialism.

Total War

engagement tactic not recognizing anything as off-limits

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What happens when one country in NATO is attacked?

They all are.

Manhattan Project

U.S. government research project producing the first atomic bombs (1942-1945).

Proportionality

concept stating that military objectives should not be expected to cause destruction of civilians or civilizations/cities

Hydrogen Bomb

bomb rapidly releasing energy during the nuclear fusion of hydrogen with an atomic bomb trigger

Enola Gay

American B-29 bomber dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

Mutually Assured Destruction

if one superpower drops a nuclear bomb on another, then a nuclear bomb will be dropped on them by the other

Aggression

declaration of war by a State against the Charter of the United Nation onto another State

Nonproliferation

preventing the increase of certain items (e.g. bombs)

Just War

a war labelled as justifiable morally or theologically

*Jus in Bello*

criteria prosecuting a just war (during)

*Jus ad Bellum*

criteria justifying a war (before)

Discrimination

prejudicial or unjust treatment of certain people

Atomic Bomb

destructive bomb rapidly releasing nuclear energy causing heat, blast, or radioactive damage

Non-combatant Immunity

people not engaging in fight during a war

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency – center for cooperation of the nuclear field, promoting safety

ICC

International Criminal Court – tries people charged with unjust crimes

ICBM

Intercontinental ballistic missile – missile with a range greater than 3,400 miles

Fasces

weapon from the Romans associated with Fascism

Musolini

fascist ruling Italy in WWII

Hitler

Nazi & leader of Germany during WWII. Is responsible for the Holocaust and many actions in the war.

What is history?

data, lens/perspective, interpretation