Enlightenment Thinkers

Thomas Hobbes believed people are

naturally cruel, selfish, and greedy

according to Thomas Hobbes why were governments created

to protect people from their own selfishness

what kind of government did Thomas Hobbes want

absolute authority

what type of gov did locke favor

constitutional monarchy- there is a kind and queen but they still follow rules

what did the magna Carta in 1215 establish in england

the idea of rights and liberties that the king had to respect

according the locke- purpose of government

to protect people’s natural rihts

what rights did locke want to protect

life, liberty, property

What three practices in the justice system upset Beccaria

tortue, trials/secret, death sentences

what were beccarias ideas in crime and punishment about punishment

punishments should be designed to preserve security and order, doesn’t have to be brutal

in crime and punishment what rights of the accused were beccaria in favor for

fair and speedy trial

What did Montesquieus book Persian letters criticise

french instiution, including the king’s court and the Catholic church

what was Montesquieu most concerned about protecting

political liberty

How did Montesquieu believe gov should be organized

legislative(laws), executive (enforced laws), judicial (interpreted laws)

Montesquieus said “too much power in one hand can lead to

tryanny, overthrow the gov

What was Rousseau’s fresh view of man

men are naturally good and are corrupted by society

Jean - Jacques Rousseau

The extreme democrat

baron de Montesquieu

Seperation of Powers

According to Rousseau what would property ownership result in

inequality, murder, and war

what did rousseau believe about the rich

stole the land belonging to everyone, fooled the common people into accepting them as rulers

what was rousseau’s version of the social contract

fraud against the people committed by the rich

Rousseau type of democracy

direct - everyone votes

Rousseaus religion thoughts

religion divided and weakened the state

What did Madam Geoffrin play in supporting and promoting ideas of the Enlightenment

held meeting for writers and philosophers. created opportunities for women to be educated

The rights woman fought for

fairness, rights to education, equality