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Sinking of the Lusitania
A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 128 Americans.
Wilson’s 14 Points
Woodrow Wilson’s post-WWI peace plan promoting self-determination, free trade, and the League of Nations.
League of Nations
International organization formed after WWI to promote peace; the U.S. never joined due to Senate opposition.
Creation of the Federal Reserve
Established in 1913 to regulate the banking system and control the money supply.
Sherman Antitrust Act
1890 law designed to break up monopolies and prevent anti-competitive business practices.
Clayton Antitrust Act
1914 law strengthening antitrust regulations and protecting labor unions from being prosecuted as monopolies.
Federal Trade Commission
Government agency created in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and promote consumer protection.
Black Tuesday
October 29, 1929, the stock market crash that signaled the start of the Great Depression.
Hooverville
Makeshift shantytowns built by the unemployed during the Great Depression, named after President Herbert Hoover.
Bonus Army
WWI veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 demanding early payment of promised bonuses, forcibly removed by the military.
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)
Established by the Glass-Steagall Act to protect bank deposits and restore confidence in the banking system.
Glass-Steagall Act
1933 law that separated commercial and investment banking to prevent another financial crisis.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Created in 1934 to regulate the stock market and prevent fraud.
Newlands Reclamation Act
Funded irrigation projects for arid western states to promote agricultural development.
National Forest Service
Established to manage and conserve national forests.
Antiquities Act
Allowed the president to designate national monuments to protect historical and natural sites.
Dewey’s education reform
John Dewey promoted progressive education, emphasizing experiential learning over rote memorization.
Eugenics
A movement aimed at improving the genetic composition of the population, often used to justify discrimination and forced sterilizations.
FDR (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
32nd U.S. president (1933-1945), led the U.S. through the Great Depression and WWII with the New Deal.
