Breathing vs. Respiration & Human Respiratory System

Question-and-answer flashcards covering the differences between breathing and respiration, the structure and function of the respiratory system, and the roles of its major parts.

What is Breathing?

The physical process of inhalation and exhalation in which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released.

How is Respiration (internal respiration) defined?

An internal metabolic process where complex organic compounds, especially glucose, are broken down into carbon dioxide and water while releasing energy.

During respiration, what happens to glucose in the presence of oxygen?

It is oxidized to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

What is the main function of the human respiratory system?

To inhale (breathe in) oxygen and exhale (breathe out) carbon dioxide.

Name the three broad parts of the respiratory system.

1) The air pathway 2) The lungs 3) The muscles of respiration

List the structures included in the air pathway.

Nose (nasal cavity), pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Where does inhaled air first enter the body?

Through the nostrils of the nose (nasal cavity).

What is the pharynx commonly called and what is its function?

Called the throat; it serves as a common chamber for inhaled air and ingested food.

What is the role of the epiglottis?

A flap of tissue in the pharynx that prevents food from entering the windpipe (trachea).

What is the larynx, and when is it open or closed?

Known as the voice box; it is open during breathing and closed during speaking.

How are sounds produced in the larynx?

The closed larynx causes air to press between the vocal cords, making them vibrate and produce sound.

What is the trachea also called and where is it located?

Known as the windpipe; it is located below the larynx.

What are the bronchi and their primary role?

Two tubes connected to the trachea; they serve as the main entry points for air into the lungs.

Define bronchioles.

Smaller tube branches that extend from the bronchi and hold clusters of alveoli.

What are alveoli and why are they important?

Grape-like sacs at the ends of bronchioles; they are the actual sites of gas exchange and are surrounded by numerous capillaries.