Defense Compounds

Vicilin

Protein that interferes with larvae development and binds to chitin matrix of fungi and insects

Lectins

Proteins that bind to glycoproteins in herbivore guts and interfere with food absorption

Ricin

Protein with toxic properties

Protease Inhibitors

Proteins that block the digestion of proteins in herbivore guts

Amylase Inhibitors

Proteins that block the digestion of starch in herbivore guts

Protease

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in herbivore guts

Oxylipins

Lipids that act as volatile signals to attract predators of herbivores

Alkaloids

Nitrogen-containing compounds synthesized from amino acids, stored in vacuoles, with examples like morphine, quinine, and vincristine

Glucosinolates

Compounds found in Brassiceae family plants that, when exposed to enzymes, produce toxic isothiocyanates for herbivores but have medicinal properties for humans

Saponins

Compounds with soap-like properties that act as herbivore repellents, with examples like digitoxigenin and diosgenin.