AP Psyc Unit 6

Stress

physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging

Distress

experience unpleasant stressors

Eustress

results from positive events still makes the person change

Primary appraisals

events determine what they find stressful

Secondary appraisals

asses their coping resources and influence the degree of stress experienced

frustration

pursuit of some goal is twarted

Daily Hassles & Uplifts

minor events of everyday life

Approach-Approach

two equally attractive goals where the decision to choose one will result int he loss of the other

avaoidance-avoidance conflict

where you have to pick two equally unattractive options where both results are not goodAppro

Approach avoidance

pursue a goal that have positive and negative results (making us indecisive and stressful)

Life changes

(Social Readjustment Rating Scale)Pre

Pressure

to perform or conform; huge predictor of psychological symptoms and heart disease

General Adaptation Syndrome

three stages: alarm, resistance, exhhaustion

alarm

initial response to stress

resistance

where body redirects resources to deal with specific stressor at hand

exhaustion

body’s ability to resist stress disappears and goes back to feeling alarmed

Type A Personality

workaholics, competitive ambitious, hate to waste time, difficult to relax

Type B Personalilty

not competitive or driven, easygoing, and slow to anger

Type C

have to find out

Pleasant and try to keep the peace but find it difficult to express emotions, especially negative ones, internalize anger, lonely

Type H Pyschology

committed, control, and like challenges

Activating event

stressor aspect

Beliefs

often irrational

Emotional Consequences

input after learning

Expected new behavior

input after learning

Disputing irrational beliefs

input after learing

tend and befriend theory

humans respond to stress by nurturing others and seeking social support

Flight-Flight-Freeze Response

response to stressful, frightening events

problem-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

emotion-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to needs related to one’s stress reaction

Meditation

mental exercise that trains attention and awareness

Adverse Childhood Experiences

potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood

Postive Psychology

scientific study of human functioning with he goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Dysfunction

impairment, disturbance, or deficiency in behavior

Well-Being

state of happiness and contentment

Resilience

personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

Gratitude

positive emotional response that involves acknowledging and appreciating kindness, generosity, or help received from others

Signature Strength

strength of character that a person owns, celebrates, and frequently excersises

Virtues

mindset that provides behavioral compass

Character Strengths

many positive traits expressed through person’s feelings, thoughts, etc that are universally recognized for the strength that they create in individuals and communities

Wisdom

ability to apply knowledge and experience in thoughtful and judicious manner

Courage

ability to meet difficult challenge despite physical, psychological, or moral risk

Humanity

Perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concept such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization

Justice

impartial and fair settlement of conflict and differences

Temperance

ability to execrcise self-control, restraint, and moderation

Transcendence

highest and most inclusive levels of human consciousness, where individuals behave and relate to themselves.

Stigma

negative attitudes and discrimination based on certain characteristics that make individuals different from others in society

Eclectic Approach

uses techniques from various forms of therapy

behavioral percepective

emphasizes role of learning and observing behaviors in understanding human and animal action

Maladaptive Behavior

actions, thoughts, or emotion that prevent ppl from adapting, learning, or adjusting

Psychodynamic Percepective

focuses on understanding how unconscious thoughts, emotions, and previous experiences influence individual’s current behavior

Humanistic Percepective

how a person is doing based on personal growth, self-actualization, individual autonomyC

Cognitive Percepective

sees how person is doing based on internal mental processes, like perception, attention, memory

Maladaptive Thoughts

negative dysfunctional thinking patterns

Evolutionary Percepective

understanding human behavior via evolutionary ways

Maladaptive relationships

recurring thought that pattern or behavior that hinders healthy relationship functioning and outcome

Diathesis Stress model

mental health condition develops from combination of individual’s predisposition and stressful life events

Diathesis

predisposition to develop specific mental disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in state of autonomic nervous system arousal without provacation

Panic

ppl interpret normal physical sensations in catastrophic way. sudden rush of fear + anxiety causing both physical and psychological symptom. unrealistic fear expierenced

Phobic

irrational/excessive fear of object or situation. exaggerated beliefs makes them avoid the thing that triggers fear

OCD

ppl experience unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, images. intrusive thoughts (obsessions) turn into behavioral rituals (compulsion)

PTSD

develops after exposure to ordeal in which death or severe harm was threatened. intrusive memories, flashbacks, emotional numbness, guilt, and anxiety

learning percepective

some anxieties are learned either through parents or other ways you learn fear

Biological percepective

some are genetically predisposed

Daily Hassle

small everyday stressors often lead to higher levels of anxiety and depression

Life changes

major events or transitions that disrupt individual’s established patterns of behavior, relationships, etc; moving or getting a job

Catastrophe

sudden significant event/disaster that causes wide-spread destruction, loss, and trauma

Adverse Childhood Experiences

range of traumatic or stressful events that occur during childhood

appraisal

how individuals evaluate and interpret events, which influences emotions and behaviors

General Adaption Syndrome

alarm, resistance, exhaustions

alarm

initial flight or fight response. prepares for action

resistance

body attempts to adapt to adapt to ongoing stressor. immune system is compromised, increasing susceptibility to illness

exhaustion

body energy reserves are depleted. leads to physical and mental health problems. just cant take it anymore

Physical Effects of Stress

burnout, higher BP, increase heart rate, floods of hormone, cardiovascular issue

Disease vulnerability effects of stress

weakened immune system, stroke, heart disease, cancer,

ABC theory

Activating Event (Stressor), Belief, and Consequences (Stress)

Activating Event (Stressor)

trigger of a specific situation of events leading to emotion or behavioral response

Belief

individual’s attitudes and opinions regarding stress, encompasses general beliefs and specific situations.

Consequence

body’s and mind’s response to stressors, leading to variety of psychological and physiological consequences

depression

broad term that includes various mood disorders of varying severity

Major Depression

more severe and persistence form of depression based on specific things. prevents everyday tasks

Bipolar disease

consists of depression and mania

key components of diagnosing major depression

depressed mood, diminished interest, significant weight changes, insomnia. for 2 weeks periods. lo

lonliness

feeling of social disconnect; key factor in depression

rumination

are repetitive thoughts on distressing experiences

Somatic disorder

excessive thoughts, feelings, and behavior related to physical symptoms

dissociative disorder

there is a disruption in normal consciousness, memory, identity, etc; disconnection btwn thoughts, emotions, memories

eating disorder

behavioral conditions characterized by severe and disturbance in eating behaviors associated distressing thoughts and emotions; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

Personality disorder

persistent maladaptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving that causes severe stress