Triple Biology H

Nucleus

Contains genetic information.

Cell membrane

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

vacuole

Permanent structure in a plant. Filled with cell sap.

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis.

Prokaryotic cell

DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus.

Stem cell

Unspecialised cell that can produce many different types of cells.

Photosynthesis

Process carried out by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are used to produce glucose and oxygen.

Control variable

Variable in the experiment that is kept the same.

Palisade mesophyll

Tightly packed cells found on the upper side of the leaf that carry out photosynthesis.

Spongey mesophyll

Layer of cells found in the middle of a leaf with an irregular shape and large air spaces between the for the diffusion of gasses.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution.

Diffusion

The random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Active transport

The transport of substances through cell membranes against the concentration gradient. Requires energy.

Benedict’s test

Test for sugars in which Benedict’s reagent turns from blue to orange/red in the presence of sugar.

Buiret reagent

Used to test for the presence of protein. Turns from blue to lilac if protein is present.

Pathogen

Microorganism that causes disease.

Antitoxin

Produced by white blood cells to neutralise toxins.

Antibody

Bind to pathogens, cause pathogens to burst or stick pathogens together for phagocytes to ingest