Swallowing Muscles

Orbicularis Oris Origin

maxilla and mandible

Orbicularis Oris Insertion

Skin and mucous of lips

Orbicularis Oris Function

Round lips, purse lips

Orbicularis Oris Innervation

VII Facial

Buccinator Origin

Pterygomandibular ligament, maxilla, mandible

buccinator instertion

corner of lips

Buccinator function

tense cheek, spread lips

Buccinator innervation

VII Facial

Levator labii superior Origin

zygomatic process of maxilla

Levator labii superior instertion

muscles of upper lip

Levator labii superior function

lift upper lip

Levator labii superior innervation

VII Facial

Depressor labii inferior origin

oblique line of mandible

Depressor labii inferior instertion

lower lip

Depressor labii inferior function

lower lower lip

Depressor labii inferior innervation

VII Facial

masseter origin

zygomatic arch and bone

Masseter insertion

angle and ramus of mandible

Masseter function

elevates mandible

Masseter innervation

V Trigeminal

Medial pterygoid origin

medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Medial pterygoid insertion

medial surface of angle and ramus of mandible

Medial pterygoid function

elevates mandible

Medial pterygoid innervation

V Trigeminal

Lateral Pterygoid origin

lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid

Lateral Pterygoid insertion

TMJ, condylar process of mandible

Lateral Pterygoid function

depress and protrude mandible

Lateral Pterygoid innervation

V Trigeminal

Temporalis origin

temporal bone fossa and fascia

Temporalis insertion

coronoid process of mandible

temporalis function

elevates mandible

temporalis innervation

V Trigeminal

Superior longitudinal origin

muscular hydrostat, lingual aponeurosis

Superior longitudinal insertion

edges of tongue

Superior longitudinal function

curl tip up

Superior longitudinal innervation

XII hypoglossal

Inferior longitudinal origin

root of tongue and lingual aponeurosis

Inferior longitudinal insertion

apex of tongue

Inferior longitudinal function

curl tip down and in

Inferior longitudinal innervation

XII hypoglossal

Transverse origin

lingual septum, lingual aponeurosis

Transverse insertion

lateral margins of tongue

Transverse function

narrows and elongates tongue

transverse innervation

XII hypoglossal

Verticalis origin

dorsal fascia of tongue

Verticalis insertion

border of tongue (top and bottom)

verticalis function

Flattens tongue

Verticalis innervation

XII Hypoglossal

genioglossus origin

mandible

Genioglossus insertion

midline of tongue, hyoid bone

Genioglossus function

stick tongue out, pull tongue into trough, depress tongue

genioglossus innervation

XII hypoglossal

Palatoglossus origin

palatine aponeurosis, pharyngeal plexus

palatoglossus insertion

back side of tongue

Palatoglossus function

pull tongue dorsum up and back, lower velum

Palatoglossus innervation

X Vagus

Styloglossus origin

styloid process of temporal bone

Styloglossus insertion

tongue dorsum, lateral border of tongue

styloglossus function

pull tongue up and back

Styloglossus innervation

XII hypoglossal

Hyoglossus origin

hyoid bone

Hyoglossus insertion

lateral aspect of posterior tongue

Hyoglossus function

pull tongue sides downward

Hyoglossus innervation

XII Hypoglossal

Levator Veli Palatini origin

inferior surface of temporal bone

Levator Veli Palatini insertion

palatine aponeurosis

Levator Veli Palatini function

pull velum up and back

Levator Veli Palatini innervation

X Vagus

Tensor Veli Palatini Origin

sphenoid bone and the eustachian tube

Tensor Veli Palatini insertion

palatine aponeurosis

Tensor Veli Palatini function

tenses soft palate and opens eustachian tube during swallowing

tensor veli palatini innervation

V3 Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal

Musculus Uvula origin

posterior nasal spine of hard palate

Musculus Uvula insertion

connective tissue of uvula

Musculus Uvula function

stiffen and lift velum

Musculus Uvula innervation

X Vagus

Palatopharyngeus origin

Posterior border of hard palate, palatine aponeurosis

Palatopharyngeus insertion

Thyroid cartilage, blends into pharyngeal walls

Palatopharyngeus function

lowers velum, tense velum, elevates pharynx, pulls pharyngeal walls during swallowing

Palatopharyngeus innervation

X Vagus

Superior pharyngeal constrictor origin

pterygomandibular ligament, medial pterygoid plate, hamulus

Superior pharyngeal constrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

Superior pharyngeal constrictor function

narrow vocal tract, constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing

Superior pharyngeal constrictor innervation

X Vagus

Middle Pharyngeal constrictor origin

hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament

Middle Pharyngeal constrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

Middle Pharyngeal constrictor function

constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing

Middle Pharyngeal constrictor innervation

X vagus

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin

thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor insertion

pharyngeal raphe

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor function

constricts walls of pharynx during swallowing, facilitate opening of esophagus

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor innervation

X vagus

Stylopharyngeus origin

styloid process

Stylopharyngeus insertion

lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls, thyroid cartilage

Stylopharyngeus function

elevates and opens pharynx

Stylopharyngeus innervation

IX glossopharyngeal

Salpingopharyngeus origin

eustachian tube

Salpingopharyngeus insertion

blends with palatopharyngeus muscles

Salpingopharyngeus function

elevates pharynx, shortens and widens pharynx for swallowing

Salpingopharyngeus innervation

X Vagus