Massage Therapy III Flashcards

Flashcards for Massage Therapy III exam review.

What is Lymphedema?

Chronic edema caused by obstruction of the lymphatics or pathology.

What is the average volume of lymphatic fluid returned to the circulatory system per day?

2.4 liters

What is Non-pitted edema?

This type of edema is firm and discolored, resulting from coagulation of serum proteins in the interstitial spaces.

What is Pitted edema?

This type of edema is boggy to the touch and retains an indentation after pressure is applied.

What is Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD)?

This specialized massage technique improves the flow of lymphatic fluid.

How much can lymphatic techniques improve lymph flow by?

Lymphatic techniques have been shown to improve lymph flow by 9 times.

What is Vodder’s Method?

This method is used in MLD, when performed with the correct pressure, direction, and speed, and may enhance recovery and facilitate drainage.

What is the pressure used for lymphatic drainage?

The pressure used for lymphatic drainage is minimal to light, between 20-40 mmHg.

What is the direction of lymphatic drainage?

In the direction of lymphatic pathways, towards the heart.

What is the lymphatic drainage rate?

Slow

What is the duration of lymphatic drainage?

The duration of lymphatic drainage is 5 to 60 minutes or longer.

What is Lymphatic Drainage?

This type of manual contact is soft and evenly distributed.

What is the pressure used for lymphatic drainage?

Minimal pressure, between 20-40 mm Hg, is the pressure used for lymphatic drainage.

What is Fascia?

It's made up of sheets of connective tissue that is strong yet mobile and is found below the skin.

What is Skin rolling?

This assessment method involves noting any superficial resistance in the skin.

What is Fascial Glide?

This assessment method involves moving the skin on the cardinal planes and noting the direction with the greatest resistance.

What is Positional testing?

This assessment method involves passively moving a limb or body part through its range until a barrier to motion is encountered.

What are Fascial Techniques?

These are extremely useful for treating postural and chronic-trauma conditions.

What is “As a reminder, this technique will not create any visible changes to your skin” ?

This is a communication that reassures the client that effects like stretch marks, or permanent slacking of the skin will not be noted during technique.

What is Conscious deep diaphragmatic breathing?

This type of breathing aids release, while lack of it impedes fascial release.

What are Skin rolling, Crossed- hands fascial stretch, Fascial Spreading, Cutting Technique, Fascial Torquing, S-bowing, C-bowing, J-stroke?

Skin rolling, Crossed-hands fascial stretch, Fascial Spreading, Cutting Technique, Fascial Torquing, S-bowing, C-bowing, and J-stroke are examples of Direct Fascial Techniques.

What is Fascial Spreading?

This technique involves fingertips placed on the skin at the required depth, then moved apart to take up the slack.

What is Fascial Torquing?

This technique involves tissue picked up off the underlying structures between the fingertips and the thumb then twisted to engage it.

What is Crossed-hands fascial stretch?

This technique involves the therapists' forearms held parallel to each other, elbows at 90° flexion, and palms of hands contact client’s skin with the hands pointed away from each other.

What is S-bowing?

This technique involves thumbs placed pointing toward each other and push the tissue into an “S” shape.

What is Cutting Technique?

This technique involves thumbs placed on skin next to each other while fingers grasp skin forming a line.

What is J-stroke?

This deepest and most destructive application, involves the therapist making a fist with the 2nd digit making contact with the client and presses into the tissue and makes a stroke in the shape of a “J”.

What is C-bowing?

This technique involves the therapist’s fingers held together for support, then placed on the skin at the required depth.

What can increased urine output indicate with lymphatic drainage?

This can be a caution of lymphatic drainage.

What can dizziness/fainting/BP elevation indicate with lymphatic drainage?

This can be also a caution of lymphatic drainage that can cause light headedness and changes in BP.

What is Proprioception?

It's the conscious awareness of joint position or movement, as well as force or load placed upon it.

What are proprioceptors?

These detect joint position.

What are Golgi Tendon Organs (GTO)?

These are proprioceptive nerve receptors located in the tendons near the junction with the muscle.

What is Alpha motor neuron?

This firing maintains a muscle contraction, and the Golgi tendon organ is able to slow this alpha firing, causing relaxation of the muscle.

What is GTO (Golgi Tendon Organ)?

Release of this can be used to reduce muscle spasm & tone, especially when on-site massage is too painful.

What is Origin & Insertion Technique?

This technique is a variation of GTO release and is used when the tendon to be treated is short.

What are Muscle spindles?

These are proprioceptive nerve receptors or minute sensory organs located in the muscle belly.

What is Muscle Approximation Technique?

This technique uses the reflex effect of the muscle spindles to reduce tone or spasm in a muscle.

What is Cross-Fiber Frictions?

This technique is used to break down existing and forming adhesions in muscles, tendons, and ligaments using the combination of compressive force and motion.

What post-friction protocol technique may be used?

Superficial techniques, like effleurage, may be used as a post-friction protocol to promote local circulation through the site of injury and aid in reduced pain perception.

What is the direction of tissue engaged in Cross-Fiber Frictions?

The direction of tissue engaged in Cross-Fiber Frictions is perpendicular/transversely to the muscle fibre.

What is the rate of Cross-Fiber Frictions?

The rate of this is vigorous, at 2-3 cycles per second.

What is the duration of Cross-Fiber Frictions in the subacute and chronic?

The duration of this is subacute for 1-2 minutes and chronic for 2-4 minutes.

What is Cross-Fiber Frictions?

This technique is contraindicated in acute conditions.

What is steroid use?

The use of this is a medication side effect that is a risk factor.

What is Muscle Resting Tension?

This is the passive tone/tension of a muscle.

What impairments is Muscle tension associated with?

Stress, Injury or pathology, Overuse conditions, Athletic performance, Postural malalignment, and Trigger points are common impairments that Muscle tension is associated with.

What is Sarcomere?

This is the contractile unit of the muscle.

What is Muscle Spasm?

This is a sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle that causes increased tension and pain that Involves motor neuron firing.

What is Intrinsic Muscle Spasm?

This results from altered local circulatory and metabolic changes.

What is Protective Muscle Spasm?

This is a response to injury or painful stimuli.

What is a Trigger Point?

This a hyperirritable spot with a hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band.

What are the four types of trigger points?

Active, Latent, Primary, and Satellite are the four types .

What is Active?

These currently cause pain and will also have ROM findings.

What is Latent?

These are painful only when palpated.

What is Primary?

These are activated by acute or chronic overload, or repetitive overuse.

What is Satellite?

These are induced neurogenically or mechanically by the activity of a key trigger point.

What is Active ROM?

Active ROM assessment will give findings of Decrease when a muscle containing a trigger point crosses that joint and Pain may be present especially with quick movements.

What is Passive ROM?

Passive ROM assessment will give findings of Decreased when a muscle containing a trigger point crosses that joint.

What is Assisted ROM?

Assisted ROM assessment will give findings of Weakness and pain.

What are Common TrP findings?

Local twitch response, Jump sign, Palpable band and nodule, and Increased tone in the muscle palpated are findings of this.

What is Skin Rolling?

This is a treatment technique performed in multiple directions and is used to reduce panniculosis over a trigger point to increase local circulation.

What is Trigger Point Pressure Release?

This trigger point technique is considered an ischemic compressions.

What is Muscle stripping?

This trigger point technique is done with Taut band in a lengthened position.

What is Ice & Stretch?

This trigger point technique is done in a Comfortable lengthened position, where you apply a stroke of ice then begin to stretch the muscle.

What are Joint Mobilizations?

These are passive manual techniques applied to joints for therapeutic purposes.

What are Indications for Joint Mobilization?

Pain, Muscle guarding, Joint effusion, Contractures and adhesions in the joint capsule or supporting ligaments, Malalignment of the bony surfaces, Subluxation of the bony surfaces, Reversible joint hypomobility, Positional faults/subluxations Progressive limitations, and Functional immobility are indications of this.

What are Contraindications for Joint Mobilization?

Acute injuries to bones, joints, muscles or nerves, Unhealed fractures, ruptured ligaments, Rheumatoid Arthritis, nerve lesions, hypermobile joints, Dislocations (luxation), Osteoporosis, Joints restricted with pins, wires, plates, screws, rods, or surgical reduction of ligaments, Joint effusion/infection, Inflammation, Hypermobility, Joint necrosis, Bone disease, malignancy, and joint replacement are contraindications.

What is Osteokinematics?

This terminology refers to bone movement and movements the patient can voluntarily perform.

What is Arthrokinematics?

This terminology refers to Joint movement and movements that the patient cannot perform themselves.

What is Open/Loosed packed position?

The most ideal position to perform Joint Mobs in is this, or not fully extended.

What is Close- Packed?

The open-pack position of the ankle is this.

What is direction?

This describes that if the surface of the moving bone is convex, sliding is in the direction opposite to angular movement of the bone.

What is Joint Play?

This refers to motions that occur between the joint surfaces that allow bones to move arthrokinematically.

What are Shaking, Rocking, Tractioning/Distraction, Rhythmic Mobilizations, Recoil?

Shaking, Rocking, Tractioning/Distraction, Rhythmic Mobilizations, and Recoil are examples of these.

What is used for pain management & spasm in muscles?

These are used for pain management & spasm in muscles.

What is Grade I?

This technique involves a small amplitude performed at the beginning soft tissue range.

What is Grade II?

This technique has a large amplitude performed at the end of soft tissue range, 2-3/ second for 1-2 minutes.

What is Grade III?

This technique has a large amplitude performed up to limit of available motion, then stressed to tissue resistance, 2-3/ second for 1-2 minutes.

What is Grade IV?

This technique is a Small amplitude performed up to available motion limit, stressed to resistance.

What is Grade I Sustained (Mobilization)?

This technique involves small amplitude glide/distraction with no stress on the capsule, 7-10 seconds rest and repeat.

What is Grade II Sustained (Mobilization)?

This technique involves distraction, then glide to take up slack, enough force to tighten tissues around the joint, and 7-10 seconds rest and repeat.

What is Grade III Sustained (Mobilization)?

This technique involves distraction, then glide large enough amplitude to stretch the joint capsule for 6 seconds, followed by partial release (down to grade I/II) then repeat (this may take 1-2 minutes).

What did the Ontario Massage Therapist Association, 2008 define?

Pharmacology today is defined as the biomedical science concerned with the interaction of chemical substances and living cells, tissues and organisms, according to them.

What is brand or trade name?

A drug often has several names, including a chemical name, generic or nonproprietary name, and this.

What MT Insight is about Client Medications?

This reminds us that it is easy to forget medications you are taking (i.e long names).

What MT Insight is about Client Medications?

This reminds us that medications may be CI’d and require modifications.

What MT Insight is about Client Medications?

This reminds us that vitamins and natural supplements are also considered as medications and can have MT implications such as Vitamin E is a blood thinner.

An RMT must consider if the drug effects any of the main systems which MT utilizes to achieve its affects such as?

An RMT must consider if the drug effects any of the main systems which MT utilizes to achieve its affects such as the circulatory, nervous, or muscular systems.

What are ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATIONS?

Benzodiazepines, Buspirone HCl, and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are examples of these.

What are Common Names for ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATIONS?

Valium, Ativan, and Xanax are examples of these.

What are ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION?

Amitriptyline (Elavil), doxepin (Sinequin), Nardil, Parnate, Marplan, Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Effexor, Cymbalta, Serzone, and Wellbutrin are examples of these.

What are ANTI- INFLAMMATORIE S/ANALGESICS?

Aspirin, Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), Naproxen (Midol), Celebrex, Steroid creams/oral tablets (prednisone, Voltaren), Oxycontin, Demerol, and Codeine Actions are examples of these.

What are ANS Medication?

Urecholine, Aricept, Atropine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Flomax, and Cardura are examples of these.

What are CARDIOVASCULAR/ HYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS?

Levatol, Toprol, Norvasc, Procardia, Lotensin, Vasotec, Digitek, Lanoxin Monoket, Nitrostat, Lipitor, Crestor, Bumex, Lasix, and Thalidone are examples of these.

What are CANCER MEDICATIONS?

Cytoxan, Dacarbazine, Methotrexate, Tamofen, and Interferon are examples of these.

What are BLOOD CLOTTING MEDICATION?

Heparin, Coumadin, Aspirin, and Plavix are examples of these.

What are DIABETIC MEDICATION?

Humulin, Novolin, Precose, Metformin, Januvia, Diabinase, Glucotrol, Ozempic are examples of these.

What are MUSCLE RELAXANT MEDICATION?

Soma, Paraflex, Flexeril, Valium, Robaxin, and Dantrium are examples of these.

What are THYROID MEDICATION?

Synthroid, Eltroxin, Levothyroid, Armour thyroid, Nature-Thyroid, Cytomel, and Triostat are examples of these.