Calculating the X^2 value for chi square test

Step 1:

Record all Observed values

Step 2:

Record the expected values

How do you find the expected values?

multiply the probability of an outcome by the total number of outcomes

Step 3:

(O-E)

Step 4:

Find (O-E)²

Step 5:

(O-E)²/E

What is the Chi squared equation?

X² = sigma (O-E)²/E

How many degrees of freedom do you use?

1 df

Step 6:

Use the calculated 𝜒2 and the degrees of freedom to find the p-value(s) from the table and make an appropriate conclusion to the test.

p value < 0.05?

there was a significant change between observed and expected values

p value > 0.05?

there was no significant change between the observed and expected values; in HW equilibrium

p value = 5%?

95% confident in our conclusion