Lattice Structures and Trends

"Stability"

Adding an electron past stability is very difficult because it would have to go in a new shell further from the nucleus and it won't attract to the nucleus.

1st vs 2nd ionization energy

Requires more energy than the first because the remaining cation has a greater positive charge and IE.

2 propertice that influence lattice energy

Larger ion charge means a stronger crystal lattice and higher lattice energy Larger atom/ion size means charges are further apart which means there's less attractive force and less lattice energy

2 properties that influence the melting point

More val electrons --> free moving val electrons --> higher cation charge + more electron attraction between cations --> higher melting point

More shells --> free moving val electrons are further from nucleus/cation --> less attraction of electrons to cation, forces holding metal together is weaker --> lower melting point

Anion VS Neutral Radii

Anions are larger than the neutral atoms

Atomic Radii (group)

Increases as you go down the group due to increased nuclear charge (Zeff)

Atomic Radii (period)

Decrease left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge (Zeff)

Cation VS Neutral Radii

Cations are smaller than the neutral atoms

Crystal Lattice

The regular pattern in which an ionic compound is arranged. Only uses Positive and Negative Ions. Only used for Ionic Compounds

Electron Sea Model

All metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a "sea" of electrons. Because they have a low ionization energy so not much energy is needed to leave the atom.

Ionization Energy (IE)

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Monoatomic Anion VS Polyatomic Anion Naming

Monoatomic : -ide Polyatomic : -ate/-ite

Polyatomic Ion

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms that function as a single unit with an overall charge

Reflectivity of Metals

Caused by delocalized electrons vibration which is equal to the incoming light, resulting in another wave being reflected back out.