Changing places ;making spaces

What is the primary sector?

What is the primary sector?

Jobs in the extraction of raw materials. Including farming, logging fishing forestry and mining8

What is the secondary sector?

Jobs in manufacturing

What is the tertiary sector?

Jobs in services in transport distribution and sale of goods as well as active service

What is the cycle of deprivation?

Sequence of events experienced by disadvantage people in which one problem to other problems and so makes things worse.

what is the evidence social inequality in Jembaton?

There is a high population density of 14,500 people per square kilometre houses are low quality built of wood and corrugated iron and plastic sheets 55% of people live in slums.

Average house size is 6.7 people

Car theft in 2015 was 65 cars stolen

What is the evidence for social inequality in Northwood Irvine?

Population density is only 1200 people per square kilometre. The houses are on large plots and 91% of people own their own homes.

Average house size is 2.8 people

Car theft in 2015 was 52

What factors influence inequality in Jembaton?

High drop out rate in education and poorly equipped schools.

Average daily income of four US dollars

High levels of air pollution with little access to healthcare

This leads to the cycle of deprivation

What are the factors influencing inequality in Northwood Irvine?

Average test scores of 88%

There are five high schools and seven institutes for higher education

Average daily income is US$200

And access to healthcare is excellent with low air pollution as well

What are The impacts of social inequality in Jembaton?

Poor job conditions like wage and hours are lowered for two labour poverty striking people will not get equal access to jobs especially those affected by poor healthcare. Cycle of deprivation means it will be hard to increase quality of life

What were the characteristics of Birmingham before the Structural economic change?

Economy was Focused on manufacturing during the industrial revolution With 36% In the secondary sector and 29% in the tertiary sector.

Housing was poor quality and terraced.

They were close communities.

White and homogenous demographic.

High levels of atmospheric pollution and smog from the manufacturing and canals and rivers were very polluted.

What players were involved in the structural economic change of Birmingham?

Firstly, in the industrial revolution, private players, Longridge car plant and Dunlop tires employed tens of thousands of people

Public players of the government built the London Birmingham Railway which improved transport infrastructure.

Unemployment rates were below 1%

Secondly, Because of deindustrialisation and globalisation, The economy suffered a decline as this resulted in 200,000 job Losses. Unemployment 19 the government gave some money (Player). Manufacturer close down as people were able to import cars for cheaper and there was an increase in global oil prices.

Thirdly the recent regeneration that was an economic growth. The public players built new street station which increased economic output by £3 billion per year.

Private players invested in the Bullring shopping centre now ranked third best retail centre in the UK

Private player university of Birmingham has 50,000 students as well as employees adding to economy

The HS2 funded by the government is now linking Birmingham to London, allowing visitors and commuters to visit the city and add to the economy.

There is also been an increase in tech companies with 6000 new ones, Creating jobs and services.

What is the demographic of kelvedon?

95% white British

Population of 3500

What is the Demographic of Hackney?

36% white British

Population of 263,000

What is the social economic characteristics of Kelvdon?

41% full-time employment (lots of retirees)

Only 0.1% of people Experiencing deprivation

38% detached houses, 67% owner occupied

What are the socio economic and built characteristics of Hackney?

72% in full-time employment

36% in financial property

Only 2% detached houses

Only 26% owner occupied houses

What are the natural characteristics of Kelvdon?

Village Pond, arable farmland, greenbelt destination.

What are the natural characteristics of Hackney?

58 parks for example, Hackney Downs.

How has shifting flows of people and resources affected Kelvedon?

Shift in national economy towards services : e.g. post office, convenience store, estate agents, and DIY outlet.

Only 4% of residents in Kelvdon were born outside of the UK

How has shifting flows of people and resources affected Hackney?

Number of firms in Hackney has risen by 66% since 2014 for example world bank.

33% of people in Hackney were born outside of the UK. (Global migration)

Why did Glasgow need rebranding?

deindustrialisation due to global shift, Glasgow used to have ship yards but couldn’t compete with cheap foreign labour.

This cause major unemployment over 20,000 jobs losses per year. Led to poor quality social housing built in the nineteen sixties to go derelict(urban decay).

There was a Population decline (brain brain)

What players were involved in the rebranding of Glasgow?

Mostly public for example, the local council, the Gorbals residence Association and the greater Glasgow and Clyde Valley tourist board

What strategies were involved in the rebranding of Glasgow?

1) market lead, which means investors make a profit, For example, Glasgow Harbour - development of high-quality housing

2) flagship development, which is large scale one of investment- The Titan crane which Attracts tourists.

3) events which focus on cultural development - 24hr city by lighting up bridges and architecture

What are the elements of this rebranding?

Heritage and architecture through museums and galleries attract tourists and celebrate history.

Retail park in Glasgow Harbour has 50,000 m² of retail space which is the largest concentration of shops outside of London

What Are the gorbals in Glasgow?

The development of the gobbles was led by the public Player (housing Association) Was first overcrowded housing for industrial workers before the 1980s when it was demolished and replaced by high rises which became derelict after deindustrialisation. They were rebranded with a High Street and services. Including open spaces, sculptures, community cohesion and an active community with residence involvesd

Was the rebranding of Glasgow a success?

It’s yes it is a success because it encouraged more jobs in the tertiary sector and quaternary sector (knowledge sector)

It also made 12,000 new homes and waterfront retail and leisure for a better quality of life for residents. Additionally, the waterfront and flagship developments encouraged tourism

However, the project costed over £5 billion and led to gentrification. (Changing a places place profile catered towards the rich)

What is a market lead Place making strategy?

It involves private investors hoping to make a profit

What is a top down strategy?

developments lead by large scale organisations for example by planning departments of local authorities

What is a flagship strategy?

Flagship is a large scale one time investment to act as a catalyst for future investments

What is a legacy development strategy?

A legacy strategy follows an international or high profile sporting event which brought investment to a place

What is an event or theme strategy?

A focus on cultural development

what is time-space compression ?

Time-space compression refers to the set of processes that cause the relative distances between places (i.e., as measured in terms of travel time or cost) to contract, effectively making such places grow “closer.” The idea of a “shrinking world” due to globalisation

Define social inequality

Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society. It manifests in various dimensions, such as income, wealth, education, health care, and employment, leading to disparities among different social groups.