IB History of the Americas - Moonlight & Magnolias

William Garrison / The Liberator

An abolitionist who became editor of the Boston publication the Liberator in 1831. Under his leadership the Liberator gained great fame. He attacked everything from slave holding, to moderate abolitionists. He supported northern secession

John Calhoun

First vice president during Jackson's presidency, Staunchly pro-slavery vice-president, engineering the Compromise of 1850 and helping further split the nations

John Brown Raid 1859

The invasion of Harper's Ferry.

Josiah Gorgas

led Southern efforts to manufacture or purchase rifles, cannons, and ammunition for the poorly-equipped army

Clement Vallandigham/Copperheads

leader of the Copperheads/Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the Civil War

Roger Taney

chief justice of the supreme court who wrote an opinion in the 1857 Dred Scott case that declared the Missouri compromise unconstitutional

Billy Yank and Johnny Reb

"Brothers war". Billy Yank (the ordinary union soldier) and Johnny Reb (the typical confederate). both armies reflected the societies from which they came. One aspect of soldiering they shared was the dull routine of camp life.

Elizabeth Blackwell

First woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.

Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)

Uprising of slaves in Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner which resulted in the death of 55 white people.

Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner

Preston Brooks, a representative from SC, got into an argument with Charles Sumner, a MA senator, over slavery; Brooks beat Sumner with his cane; Brooks beat Sumner so severely that his cane broke, and it took Sumner 2 years to recover

Dorothea Dix

Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Horace Greeley

An American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician He helped support reform movements and anti-slavery efforts through his New York Tribune newspaper

Phil Sheridan

Union Commander of the army of the Shenandoah. He destroyed everything in Virginia, much like Sherman had done in Georgia. Kept the confederates from getting and supplies and food

Sally Tompkins

Confederate nurse who ran a hospital in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War

William Seward

Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson; purchase of Alaska "Seward's Folly"

Mary Chesnut

Daughter of a South Carolina governor and wife of politician, her diary is an important primary source concerning the lives of Confederate women

Henry Wirz

Captain who was in charge of the Andersonville Prison. He was executed for cruelty at the prison

sectionalism

loyalty to a particular region

internal improvements

federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Popular Sovereignty

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.

King Cotton

cotton and cotton-growing considered, in the pre-Civil War South, as a vital commodity, the major factor not only in the economy but also in politics.

Habeas Corpus

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

Fireeaters

Radical Southerns wanted to separate from the union

Moonlight and Magnolias

Term given after the Civil War for the romantic view that many Southerners had of their own society. They saw themselves as cultured gentlemen, as against the money-grubbing bankers and mechanics of the North.

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

Treaty of Guadulupe-Hidalgo

Treaty between the US and Mexico; ceded most of the current western US to the USA

Compromise of 1850

Agreement designed to ease tensions caused by the expansion of slavery into western territories

Gag Rule

1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress

Fugitive Slave Law

Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad.

Frontal Assaults

an attack in which massive numbers of men would attack on the run

Calhoun Doctrine

created to prevent congress from being able to place restrictions on slavery. They could take their property to any territory and slaves were considered property

Plantation System

A system of agricultural production based on large-scale land ownership and the exploitation of labor and the environment. This system focused on the production of cash crops and utilized slave labor.

Personal Liberty Laws

Laws passed by Northern states forbidding the imprisonment of escaped slaves

fifth column

subversive group of civilians working secretly within their own country to turn it over to an invading enemy

War Democrats

the name given to the faction of Democrats during the Civil War that patriotically supported the Lincoln administration

Homestead Act of 1862

this allowed a settler to acquire 160 acres by living on it for five years, improving it and paying about $30

Copperheads

A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War

Slave Power Conspiracy

The idea that the government promoted the extension of slavery

Miscegenation

biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories

U.S. Sanitary Commission

Founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union Army. The commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years.

NY Draft Riots

rioting against drafts issued by Lincoln that forced them to fight for the Union cause, Irish immigrants mostly protest against being drafted into the army because they don't want to fight for "blackies"

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

10% Plan (Lincoln)

Confederate states would be readmitted if 10% of the population took a loyalty oath and the state ratified the 13th Amendment