CLS Resource ASCP Review Flashcards

Comprehensive review flashcards for CLS ASCP exam covering Microbiology, Hematology, Coagulation, Blood Bank, and Chemistry topics.

S. epidermidis

The bacteria typically seen on medical devices such as shunts; differentiated from S. saprophyticus via a coagulase test.

S. aureus

Bacteria that produces hyaluronidase.

Micrococcus

A bacterium that is oxidase positive.

PYR

The test used to differentiate Enterococcus from group D strep.

S. agalactiae

Bacterial species that is hippurate positive and commonly seen in newborn meningitis.

S. pneumo

A bacterium that tests positive for bile solubility and Quelling.

S. viridans

Bacteria commonly seen in dental abscesses.

S. pyogenes

Bacteria commonly seen in strep throat.

MAC selective

Agar that is selective for gram - bacilli.

Methyl red test

A test based on whether bacteria ferment mixed acids when given glucose with a $48+$ hour incubation and a pH of < $4.5$.

Indole + organisms

Morganella, Proteus vulgaris, E. coli, Pasturella, and Edwardsiella.

XLD agar

Differential agar for Salmonella and Shigella.

V factor

Another name for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

X factor

Another name for hemin.

HACEK organisms

Slow-growing organisms including Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella.

M. tuberculosis

Niacin +, nitrate reduction positive, characterized by rough colonies.

Photochromogens

Slow growing NTM whose colonies produce pigment when exposed to light, such as M. Marinum and M. kansasii.

Scotochromogens

Slow growing NTM whose colonies become pigmented in the dark or light, such as M. szulgai, M. scrofulceum, M. gordonar, and M. flavescens.

Le(a+b-)

The Lewis phenotype seen in non-secretors (sese).

Cold antibodies

Benign and typically non-significant antibodies including P, I, N, M, H, and Lewis.

Warm antibodies

Clinically significant antibodies including Duffy, Kell, Kidd, and Rh.

PEG

Potentiator used most effectively to decrease the zeta potential.

Hemoglobin structure

Consists of $4$ globin chains and $4$ heme groups.

Hemoglobin C

A lysine amino acid replacement.

Citrate agar electrophoresis order

The order from left to right at $6.2$ is F, A, S, C.

Hemoglobin H disease

Anemia associated with microcytic and hypochromic cells.

Howell Jolly bodies

Nuclear fragmented DNA seen in post-splenectomy, thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and megaloblastic anemias.

Heinz bodies

Precipitated hemoglobin visible in RBCs due to oxidation caused by G6PD deficiency or thalassemia; requires supravital stain.

Pappenheimer bodies

Iron granules seen in hemoglobinopathies, sideroblastic anemia, and post-splenectomy; requires Wright/Prussian blue stain.

Basophilic stippling

Dots of residual RNA seen in lead poisoning.

Hereditary spherocytosis

Condition showing an increased osmotic fragility test.

Chediak Higashi syndrome

Syndrome showing giant lysosomal granules in WBC/platelets from fusion of primary and secondary granules, associated with albinism.

Pelger Huet

Hyposegmented neutrophil nucleus; expression is dumbbell-shaped if heterozygous and peanut-shaped if homozygous.

LAP reference range

The reference range is $20-100$; decreased in CML and increased in leukemoid reactions.

t(15:17)

Chromosomal abnormality associated with M3 (APL).

t(9:22)

Chromosomal abnormality associated with CML.

TRAP +

Unique marker for Hairy cell leukemia.

Reed Steinberg cells

Cells diagnostic of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Hemophilia A

Condition characterized by missing or defective factor VIII.

PT and aPTT

PT monitors extrinsic and common pathways; aPTT monitors intrinsic and common pathways.

Acid-Base balance ranges

pH $7.35-7.45$, HCO3 $22-28$, and PCO2 $35-45$.

Anion gap calculation

Calculated by Sodium - (Chloride + HCO3); normal range is $7-15$.

MUDPILES

Mnemonic for causes of increased ion gap: Methanol, Uremia, Diabetes, Propylene glycol, Isoniazid, Lactate, Ethylene glycol, and Salicylates.

Gluconeogenesis

Process where amino acids/fats convert to glucose.

Western blot

The confirmation test for HIV.

Type IV hypersensitivity

Delayed reaction involving T-cells where re-exposure activates T-cells and creates inflammatory response peaking in $2-3$ days (e.g., TB, leprosy, poison oak).