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Cognitive, affective, personal identity, social integrative, and diversion needs
The five information needs according to Katz, Gurevitch, and Haas (1973)
Cognitive Needs
Media is used for acquiring information, knowledge, and understanding.
Affective Needs
Media is used as substitute for real and interpersonal interaction
Personal Identity Needs
People find themselves reflected in texts and learn behaviors and values from media.
Social Integrative Needs
Media is used to interact with the community including with family and friends
Diversion/Entertainment Needs
Media is used to get away from everyday problems and routine
7 Elements of Information Literacy
define, determine, locate, critical evaluation, organize, use information, create and communicate
Defining Information Needs
Involves being aware that a need or problem exists that can be solved through the availability of information.
Determining Sources of Information
This entails knowing whether the information you need exists or not, where to get it if it exists; how to create it, if it doesnt.
Locating, searching, and accessing information
This entails a number of skills including: knowing how to use the library, the internet, having research skills, interviewing skills, and the like.
Critical Evaluation of Information
This entails analyzing and evaluating the quality and usefulness of the information.
Organizing and Storage of Information
This entails skills such as paraphrasing, summarizing, organizing and reorganizing the information, drawing inferences, drawing conclusions, note-taking, and filing the information for immediate or later use.
Ethical, efficient, and effective use of information
This entails knowledge of ethical principles such as respect for intellectual property, the ability to paraphrase and summarize, knowing to use citation formats such as APA, Turabian, and the like.
Create and communicate new knowledge
This involves knowing how to write reports, emails, use social media, prepare slideshow presentations, use data graphics, and the like.
Triple Es of MIL
Explore, Engage, Empower
Explore
Identify, access, and retrieve information and media content
Engage
Analyze and evaluate media and information critically.
Empower
Create, produce, share and communicate information and media content ethically.
Three types of media
Print, Broadcast, and New Media
Johannes Gutenberg
He invented the printing press in 1446.
Printing Press
The invention of this device led to the creation of a new branch of media, and was a major step in the creation of the modern literary scene.
The Press
This branch of media is named after an invention.
Publishing
The selection, preparation, and marketing of printed matter.
Papyrus Books
These were scrolls attached to wooden rods on both ends. These were widely used in Ancient Egypt, as well as Classical times
Codex
A collection of parchment pages that were cut and bound on one side.
Trade Books
Fiction or non-fiction books sold to the general public. These books’ genres vary from sci-fi, fantasy romance, thrillers, crime, biography, history, travel guides and self-help books
Textbooks
Comprise two types of books, educational, and professional books
Educational Books
refers to references, academic textbooks, profession books, and specialty books.
Professional Books
these books contain information about specialized occupations, such as doctors, lawyers, accountants, and writers.
Paperback
This is a type of book cover that is cheap, usually has a small page size, and were printed on pulp paper.
Hardcover
This is type of book cover that is made of durable material (leather). These books are large, expensive and mostly sold to high and middle classes.
Mass-market Romance Novels
These appeared in the 1980s in the Philippines. They were sold for 35 PHP, and are written in Filipino.
E-Books
These are books that are sold as digital files, and read on devices called readers, examples are Amazon Kindle and Sony’s Reader.
Michael Stern Hart
He founded Project Gutenberg, the first to provide e-books freely via the internet.
Audiobooks
Originally meant for people with vision difficulties but are enjoyed these days by commuters, runners, and the like.
Wattpad
An online platform that enables writers to create and publish their stories and share this to a potentially large global audience.
Newspaper
Print media that contains reports of recent or ongoing events of human interest.
Newsworthy Content
The Exceptional, Proximity, Impactful, Prominence, Conflict, Human Interest
Exceptional
The out-of-the-ordinary
Proximity
The story occurs close to home, it involves a person or group that is related to one’s community or it happens in that community
Impact
affects many people such as typhoon Haiyan or the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Prominence
Involves someone famous such as a sports or entertainment figure public officials, or statesman.
Conflict
Involves war, political campaigns, activists carrying out campaigns against environmental polluters
Human Interest
Involves the human condition or evokes emotion
Magazines
Periodical publications carrying articles appealing to various interests.
Quality/Opinion Magazines
These magazines target and appeal to an elite class who comprise the cultural, business, and political leaders of society. These contain commentaries, revies on political and economic affairs and literary pieces such as poems.
General Interest Magazines
Magazines covering a wide variety of topics and are aimed at a broad audience; these include cultural magazines which focus on trends in modern living.
News Magazines
Magazines which present the news in a more concise way.
Picture or illustrated news Magazines
These present the news in a more concise way using pictures.
Digest and pockets Magazines
Among the most popular is Reader’s Digest which reprints articles from other magazines in condensed form.
Specialized or special interest magazines
Most magazines cater to special interests or preoccupations.
Radio
This technology grew out of the ideas of electromagnetism, and relies on EM waves to transport messages across vast distances.
Telegraph
This invention was created in 1844 by Samuel Morse which catalyzed the creation of many more EM inventions.
Samuel Morse
He invented the telegraph. (Hint: Morse Code)
Advantages of Radio
Cost-effective, Low demand on literacy skills, Portability, A background medium, Accessibility
Cost-effective
Radio technology is quite cheap to produce nowadays.
Low demand on literacy skills
Users do not have to literate to listen to the radio.
Portability
Modern radio devices are small, and mobile, they can find in many areas of life: cars, smartphones
A background medium
Radio can be listened to while doing other tasks.
Accessiblity
Radio is accessible to the visually-challenged
Information Program
these radio broadcasts comprise of news, talk programs, documentaries, and educational programs.
Entertainment programs
These radio programs contain music, drama, soap operas, etc.
Community Radio
These stations are operated by local communities, usually small towns.
Webcasting
Television
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