Transcription & Translation
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37 Terms
What Sequence represents what is involved in Transcription & Translation
DNA - - > RNA - - > Protein
In order to make proteins, the cell must be able to put down the correct sequence of…
Amino Acids
Who is the “chef” in the process of making a Protein?
Ribosomes
What is this process called?
Central Dogma
Who made up the idea of this process?
Frances Crick
Where does Transcription take place?
The Nucleus
What is Transcription ?
the process where a cell copies a gene from DNA into RNA.
What are Proteins that process called?
Translation
Where does Translation take place in Eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm
What copies the DNA into mRNA?
RNA polymerase
What is a set of 3 nucleotides in mRNA called?
Codon
What does each Codon code for?
An Amino Acid
What is mRNA?
Instructions for making protein
Which type of RNA brings in the correct amino acid during translation?
tRNA
the codon is found on _____, while the complementary anticodon is found on _______.
tRNA, mRNA
How many nitrogen bases make up a codon?{Which code for an amino acid}
3
What is not DIRECTLY involved in Translation?
RNA polymerase
What do genes code for?
Proteins
What does “Synthesis” mean?
To make something
Where is DNA stored?
In the Nucleus
What comes first? Transcription or Translation?
Transcription
What does “Transcription” mean in Protein Synthesis?
When we transcribe the DNA molecule into a message
What does the “m” in mRNA stand for?
Messenger RNA
What do ribosomes do and what are they made of?
They make protein and are made of mRNA
What does tRNA stand for?
Transfer RNA
What does tRNA do?
A special RNA that brings Amino Acids to the Ribosome
What type of bond holds amino acids together?
Peptide Bonds
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What is a gene?
A specific section or piece of DNA that “codes” for a trait (“Protein”)
About what percent of your DNA is a gene?
1.5%
How are certain traits caused?
Traits are caused by the type of proteins they produce
What is a Dogma?
A specific fundamental belief
What does tRNA carry?
ONE specific Amino Acid
What is another word for DNA Code?
“Degenerate”
What are the types of mutations?
point (single nucleotide), Insertion/Deletion (“frameshift”), and Substitution
What chromosome is the gene for Cystic Fibrosis located on?
Chromosome # 7
When do you read a Codon chart?
When you are transcribing mRNA