ils quiz 2

Vesalius’ attitude towards Galen is best characterized as

Mixed, because although Galen never carried out human dissections, he did provide a model for the order in which the parts of the human body should be discussed

For Vesalius, the study of Galen’s writings

Was a valuable example of Renaissance humanism

In his book, On the fabric of the human body (1543), Vesalius proposed that

The roles of the lector, demonstrator, and dissector in the anatomy lesson should be combined in the person of the professor of anatomy

In his books, On the fabric of the human body and its Epitome or summary, printed in the same year, Vesalius

Hoped to gain the patronage (support) of powerful political figures

According to Vesalius’ view of the history of medicine,

Physicians in the Islamic world contributed nothing valuable to medical tradition because they only borrowed from Galen

The numerous Sphere editions, modeled after Sacrobosco’s Sphere, were mostly intended for:

A university market

Over time, the Sphere tradition developed, eventually

including a realist approach to astronomical models

The armillary sphere was an astronomical instrument described by Ptolemy. It was:

all of the above

One interpretation of Ptolemy’s astronomical writings suggests that his models (eccentric, epicycle-on-deferent) were useful for predicting planetary motions, but were not meant to be representations of physical reality. This view of astronomical models would be best characterized as … 

instrumentalist

instrumentalism refers to the idea that 

Scientific models are instruments or tools (for predicting Jupiter’s movement through the zodiac, to give one example)

in the autobiographical section of his dedication to Pope Paul III, Copernicus complains about the state of astronomy from a

realist point of view

a homocentric planetary model is one in which all the circles

share the same center

copernicus’ arguments in favor of the heliocentric model included

explaining that we see the celestial phenomena we do because the earth and planets are moving around the sun 

Which of the following was not one of the phenomena Copernicus used to argue for the heliocentric model’s explanatory power?

mars always has a reddish appearance

peurbach’s lectures on astronomy at the university of vienna in the mid-1400s were

all of the above

The purpose of Osiander’s preface to Copernicus’ On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres was to present the book’s models for planetary motion as

purely instrumental, making no realist claims about the cosmos

Copernicus’ likely audiences for On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres included

renaissance humanists like Philip Melanchthon

The Wittenberg interpretation of Copernicus’ heliocentric models gained ground because of

all of the above

According to Osiander’s unsigned preface to Copernicus’ On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres, the job of an astronomer includes all of the following tasks except:

making claims about cosmology

The title page of Copernicus’ On the revolutions of the heavenly spheres includes this sentence in Greek: “let no one untrained in geometry enter here.” Later in the book, Copernicus claims that heliocentrism is not a novel model of the cosmos, but is in fact a view dating back to the ancient Greeks. The title page quote, which assumes an audience literate in Greek, and Copernicus’ appeal to readers based on the authority of ancient Greek sources, provide evidence that Copernicus was engaged in the tradition of:

renaissance humanism

in tycho brahe’s geoheliocentric cosmos

some planets rotate around earth as center, and some planets rotate around the sun as center

for tycho brahe, the best way to restore the study of astronomy was bye

making new observations with improved instruments

tycho brahe rejected a sun-centered cosmos because

he could find no observational evidence for a moving earth

It’s true that Tycho Brahe rejected Copernicus’ heliocentrism, but both Tycho Brahe and Copernicus did have in common:

a commitment to a realist account of the cosmos

based on his observations of a new star in 1572, Tycho Brahe suggested that perhaps

aristotle’s aether is neither eternal nor unchanging

in his mystery of the cosmos, kepler revealed that

the five platonic solids give order to the heliocentric cosmos

It is true that Kepler worked closely with Tycho Brahe, but what sets these two astronomers apart? 

kepler adopted heliocentrism, but tycho brahe did not

It is true that Kepler adopted Copernicus’ heliocentric model, but what was novel about Kepler’s work? 

all of the above

The illustration of the temple of astronomy in the Rudolphine tables (1627) suggests that Kepler

did not adopt a renaissance humanist strategy

patronage is an important factor to consider in the history of astronomy and cosmology because it

all of the above

which of the following was not a topic that galileo discussed in starry messenger 

the sun’s shadow on jupiter

In the Starry Messenger (1610), Galileo made careful comparisons between the moon's surface and the earth’s surface. This is significant because it shows that Galileo was: 

a realist. he was concerned with the physical reality of celestial bodies

How did Galileo use the publication of the Starry messenger to cultivate support from a potential patron?

all the answers are correct

Which of the following was not a challenge faced by early telescope users?

Telescopes were rare objects that few people knew about, making it difficult to buy or make one.

According to the two-book metaphor as used by Galileo,

natural philosophy and theology will ultimately agree

Christopher Clavius’ publications showed that:

change was possible in the celestial part of the cosmos

Galileo’s telescopic discoveries in his Starry messenger

weakened Aristotelian cosmology

 The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was called by Pope Paul III

to respond to the protestant reformation

The Bible was translated from Latin into vernacular languages (English, French, etc.) …

under the influence of protestantism