Chapter 1: Structure of the Atom

Chemical reactions

Chemical reactions

________ are simple arrangements of atoms from one combination to another in small whole- number ratios.

J J Thompson

Electrons were discovered in 1879 by ________, when he determined that cathode rays were fundamental parts of matter he called electrons.

energy of electromagnetic waves

The ________ is proportional to the frequency and inversely proportional to the wavelength.

1900

In ________, Max Planck described light as packets, or quanta, of energy called photons.

William Crookes

Sir ________, the scientist who developed cathode ray tubes in the 1870s, originally thought cathode rays to be negatively charged molecules instead of electrons.

previous s

In order to maintain charge stability within an atom, certain atoms will "unfill "their ________ sublevel to fill their new d sublevel.

Hunds Rule

________- All p, d, or f orbitals in a sublevel must be filled with one electron before a second electron is allowed to pair in any orbital.

Alpha

________ particles- ________ particles are complicated, but the only thing you need to remember about them right now is that they are positively charged particles.

sublevel of the atom

Each ________ contains one or more electron orbital.

discrete wavelengths

The colors consist of ________ of light (line spectra) and not a uniform rainbow found when white light is separated by a prism.

Orbitals

________ are designated as s, p, d, or f, according to the sublevel they are in.

Visible light

________ is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Electron configuration

________- Each element has its own unique sequence of orbitals that can, once again, be derived using the periodic table.

Matter

________- In chemistry, ________ is any physical substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.

Uncertainty principle

________- The ________ states that the position and momentum of any particle can not both be known at exactly the same time.

Niels Bohr

________ created a theory that electrons move around the nuclei in circular orbits and that electrons only exist in certain "allowed orbits ..

Sublevels

________ are corresponding letters of s, p, d, and f.

Oil drop experiment

________- This was an experiment performed by Robert Millikan, which allowed him to calculate the charge of an electron to be- 1.60 x 10^- 19 columbs.

proton

The ________ has a mass of 1.67 x 10^- 24 gram.

Orbital diagrams

________ can also be drawn in staggering heights to show the energy differences between orbitals.

electromagnetic radiation

All ________ may be considered as waves that are defined by their wavelengths and frequencies.

Neutron

________- The neutron is the third major particle that marks up the atom, but has no charge.

Spectroscope

________- A spectroscope is a machine that is used to produce and record the light /color spectra of a particle for examination.

John Dalton

Daltons atomic theory- ________ created a scientific theory on the nature of matter and atoms, consisting of three major components.

Wavelength

________ has units of meters and any necessary appropriate prefix.

Plancks constant

________- The proportionality constant, h, has a value of 6.63 x 10 ^- 34.

Frequency

________- The frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass a point in space in one second.

Molecule

________- A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms.

principal energy level

The number of sublevels possible in each ________ is equal to the value of n for that energy level.

Atoms

________ are often referred to as the basic building block of life.

Orbitals

________- An orbital is a region o space that has a high electron density.

Proton

________- A proton is a basic unit of positive charge in the atom.

Wavelength

________- The wavelength is the distance between two repeating points on a sine wave.

Atom

________- An atom is the smallest unit into which matter can be divided.

Sublevels

________ (Subshells)- Each principal energy level within an atom contains one or more sublevels or subshells.

proton

The ________ has a positive charge which is exactly equal in magnitude to the electron charge.