IC101 - Lesson 1, 2, 3

An electronic device that can perform arithmetic operations at high speed and is capable of storing, processing, and retrieving data.

Computer

An ancient memory aid device used to record quantities and messages, appearing as notched animal bones.

Tally Sticks

The first mechanical calculating device using sliding beads on a rack.

Abacus

A manually operated calculating device invented by John Napier for performing multiplication and division.

Napier's Bone

A calculating device that uses logarithmic scales for calculations.

The Slide Rule

What time span was The Slide Rule invented?

Early 17th century

The first mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal, capable of performing addition and subtraction.

Pascaline

An enhanced mechanical calculator invented by Gottfried Leibniz that could perform multiple arithmetic operations.

Stepped Reckoner

An automated loom invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard that used punched cards to weave complex patterns.

Jacquard's Loom Machine

A mechanical calculator designed by Charles Babbage for performing polynomial calculations.

Difference Engine

A proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by Charles Babbage, capable of performing any calculation.

Analytical Engine

Give the full name of the woman recognized as the first computer programmer, she contributed to the development of the Analytical Engine and advocated for the use of the binary system.

Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace

An early computing device invented by Pehr Georg Scheutz.

Scheutzian Calculation Engine

Invented by a man, this machine used punch cards to tabulate statistics and was instrumental in the 1890 US Census.

Tabulating Machine

Also known as the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, it was the first fully automatic calculating machine and the first programmable digital computer.

Harvard Mark I

This was the first electromechanical binary programmable computer.

Z1

The first general-purpose electronic digital computer, developed by John Vincent Atanasoff and Cliff Berry.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

An electronic device used in early computers for switching and amplification, contributing to their large size and heat production.

Vacuum Tube

The first portable computer powered by a wall socket.

Osborne 1

The first computer company, founded by the creators of ENIAC, later renamed and became part of Unisys.

Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation

Computers built from 1942 to 1955, characterized by large size, vacuum tubes, and the use of machine language.

First Generation Computers

A semiconductor device that replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers, allowing for smaller and more reliable machines.

Transistor

A silicon chip that contains multiple transistors, developed in the late 1950s, leading to smaller and faster computers.

Integrated Circuit (IC)

A technology used in fourth generation computers, incorporating 10-20 components on a single chip.

Small Scale Integration (SSI)

A storage medium that replaced magnetic drums in second generation computers, allowing for more efficient data storage.

Magnetic Disk

The current era of computers, characterized by advancements in artificial intelligence and advanced computing technologies.

Fifth Generation Computers

The lowest-level programming language, consisting of binary code that is directly executed by a computer's CPU.

Machine Language

A technology that allows hundreds of components to be integrated onto a single chip, significantly reducing size and cost.

Large Scale Integration (LSI)

An advanced form of integration that enables thousands of components to be placed on a single silicon chip.

Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)

A compact integrated circuit that contains the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip.

Microprocessor

The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems, enabling them to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

A technology that allows millions of components to be integrated onto a single chip, enhancing processing power and efficiency.

Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)

A small computer designed for individual use, typically featuring a single processor and intended for personal computing.

Microcomputer

A mid-sized computer that supports multiple users and offers greater processing power and storage than microcomputers.

Minicomputer

A large, powerful computer that can process vast amounts of data and support numerous users simultaneously.

Mainframe Computer

An extremely powerful computer designed for complex computations and capable of executing millions of instructions per second.

Supercomputer

A type of computer that processes continuous data and can accept input directly from measurement devices without converting it to digital form.

Analog Computer

A computer that processes data in discrete values, using stored programs to perform calculations and logical operations.

Digital Computer

A computer that combines the features of both analog and digital computers, capable of processing both continuous and discrete data.

Hybrid Computer

The physical components of a computer system, including the machinery and equipment that make up the computer.

Hardware

A collection of programs and instructions that tell computer hardware how to perform specific tasks.

Software

A technology that enables computers to interpret and respond to spoken language, allowing verbal commands as input.

Voice Recognition

All physical components that make up a computer, including those that can be seen and touched.

Computer Hardware

The part of a computer system that accepts data from the user, serving as the primary interface.

Input Unit

The main component of a computer that performs calculations and processes instructions.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A component of the CPU that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The part of the CPU that directs the operation of the processor and coordinates activities.

Control Unit (CU)

A component that temporarily stores data and instructions currently in use.

Memory Unit

Hardware that presents processed information to the user, such as monitors and printers.

Output Devices

Programs that manage and control computer hardware and provide a platform for running application software.

System Software

Software that manages hardware resources and provides common services for application software.

Operating System

Programs that control the operation of specific hardware devices.

Device Drivers

Programs that convert high-level programming languages into machine code.

Language Translators

Programs designed to help maintain, support, and enhance existing software and hardware.

Utility Software

Software designed to perform specific tasks for users, requiring system software to operate.

Application Software

Who invented the Pascaline?

Blaise Pascal

Give the full name of the man who invented the Stepped Reckoner

Gottfried Welham Von Leibniz

When was the Stepped Reckoner invented?

1694 AD

The abacus dates back to about how many years?

5,000 years

Tally Sticks appeared in what era?

Upper Paleolithic Age (also known as Late Stone Age)

Give the name of the man who invented Napier's Bone

John Napier

What year was the Pascaline invented?

1642 AD

What is the Stepped Reckoner otherwise known as?

Leibnitz Wheel

Give the full name of the man who invented Jacquard's Loom Machine

Joseph Marie Jacquard

Who designed the Difference Engine & Analytical Engine?

Charles Babbage

He is known as the father of the modern digital computer

Charles Babbage

What was the Scheutzian Calculation Engine based on?

Charles Babbage's Difference Engine

What year was the Scheutzian Calculation Engine finalized in?

1843 AD

The Scheutzian Calculation Engine was built by (a father & son, who?)

Pehr Georg Scheutz & Edvard Scheutz

Who invented the Tabulating Machine?

Herman Hollerith

What year was the Tabulating Machine invented in?

1890 AD

What is Harvard Mark I otherwise known as?

IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator

Who invented the Z1?

Konrad Zuse

What year was the Z1 completed in?

1938 AD

Give the full names of the two people who invented the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

John Vincent Atanasoff & Cliff Berry

What year was Osborne 1 released in?

1981

How much did the Osborne 1 weigh in kilograms?

11.1 kg

What year was the first computer company founded in?

1949 AD

An _____/______ device, often known as an IO device, is any hardware that allows a human operator or other systems to interface with a computer

input/output

These are devices that are capable of delivering data to a computer.

Output devices

These are devices that are capable of receiving data from a computer.

Input devices

An _____/______ device is a piece of hardware that can take, output, or process data

input/output

These are the devices used to send signals to the computer for processing tasks.

Input devices

Give the 6 classifications of input devices

• Keyboard devices

• Pointing devices

• Composite devices

• Game controller

• Visual devices

• Audio input devices

The ________ is the most frequent and widely used input device for entering data into a computer.

keyboard

Generally, keyboards come in two sizes. What are they?

84 keys or 101/102 keys

Give all the types of keys you’d find on a standard keyboard

• Numeric keys

• Typing keys

• Control keys

• Special keys

• Function keys

The most common pointing device

Mouse

This device is used to move a little cursor across the screen while clicking and dragging.

Mouse

The cursor will stop if you let go of the _____

mouse

An input device that lets you move it on a flat surface to control the coordinates and movement of the on-screen cursor/pointer.

Mouse

A spherical ball is attached to both the bottom and top ends of the stick, and you can move it in all four directions. What is this device called?

Joystick

It is an input device primarily used in CAD (Computer-Aided Design) and playing video games on the computer

Joystick

This is an accessory for notebooks and laptops, which works on behalf of a mouse. Its structure makes it so that fingers are used instead for cursor movement

Track Ball

A device that reads data that is represented by light and dark lines.

Bar code reader

A bar code reader has two types:

• Handheld scanner

• Stationary scanner

These are the devices that show us the result after giving the input to a computer system.

Output devices

Give at least four forms of output devices.

• Image

• Graphic

• Audio

• Video

These are a computer’s primary output device

Monitor / Monitors

VDU stands for?

Visual Display Unit