Neoclassical Fiction and Drama Flashcards
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A set of 100 question and answer flashcards based on Dr. Kalyani Vallath's lecture notes on 18th-century Neoclassical fiction and drama.
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100 Terms
What prose technique was incorporated into the 18th-century novel from Elizabethan prose tales, picaresque stories, and urban underworld accounts?
The technique of psychological portraiture.
What aspect of 18th-century periodical essays influenced the development of the novel?
Their social interest and technique of characterization.
Whose straightforward narrative style in Pilgrim's Progress influenced the 18th-century novel?
John Bunyan.
What style of Daniel Defoe's writing influenced 18th-century novel technique?
The factual style of his journalistic and pseudo-autobiographical writing.
What 17th-century literary genre served as an influence on the early development of the 18th-century novel?
Heroic romances.
Which Prime Minister's government was repeatedly attacked on the London stage prior to the Licensing Act of 1737?
Robert Walpole.
Which play by Henry Fielding mercilessly ridiculed Prime Minister Robert Walpole in 1736?
Historical Register for the Year 1736.
Under the Licensing Act of 1737, who was empowered to approve and license all new plays, prologues, and epilogues?
The Lord Chamberlain.
What effect did the Licensing Act of 1737 have on Henry Fielding's career?
It ended his theatrical career due to censorship.
Which two playwrights produced notable exceptions to the post-1737 wave of censurable melodramas?
Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan.
What happened to Shakespeare's plays on the London stage following the Licensing Act of 1737?
Shakespeare's plays were revived and dominated the London stage.
What two dramatic forms emerged as experimental drama following the decline of revolutionary drama after 1737?
Sentimental Comedy and Sentimental Tragedy.
Into what literary medium did theatrical revolution and rebellion shift after 1737?
The form of the novel.
Who published the first scholarly edition of Shakespeare's plays in 1709?
Nicholas Rowe.
Which actor at Drury Lane Theatre introduced facial expressions and gestures and cleared the stage of spectators?
David Garrick.
Who were the two writers who introduced morality into their plays, giving rise to sentimental drama?
Colley Cibber and Richard Steele.
What character trait defines middle-class protagonists in 18th-century sentimental comedy?
They triumphantly overcome a series of moral trials.
What is the core underlying belief about human nature in sentimental comedy?
Human beings are inherently good, and when they go astray, they can be reformed through comedy.
How did sentimental comedy differ from Restoration comedy regarding emotional response?
Sentimental comedy evoked tears more than laughter.
Who authored the 1696 play Love's Last Shift?
Colley Cibber.
Who wrote the play The Constant Couple (1699)?
George Farquhar.
Who wrote the 1722 sentimental play The Conscious Lovers?
Sir Richard Steele.
In Sir Richard Steele's The Conscious Lovers, what discovery leads to the happy resolution for Indiana?
The discovery that she is an heiress.
Name three 18th-century playwrights whose sentimental comedies emphasized masculine virtue and feminine delicacy.
Hugh Kelly, George Colman the Elder, and Richard Cumberland.
What term did Nicholas Rowe use to refer to sentimental tragedies?
"She-tragedies".
What values did sentimental tragedy oppose from traditional heroic drama?
Aristocratic and masculine values that celebrated rulers, conquerors, and the pursuit of glory.
What social change drove the middle-class acceptance of sentimental drama over aristocratic ideals?
The growing political disillusionment of the middle classes with old aristocratic ideology.
Who wrote the sentimental tragedy The Orphan?
Thomas Otway.
Who wrote the play Virtue Betrayed?
John Banks.
Who wrote the sentimental tragedies The Fatal Marriage and The Fair Penitent?
Thomas Southerne wrote The Fatal Marriage and Nicholas Rowe wrote The Fair Penitent.
What does the term "anti-sentimental comedy" refer to in 18th-century drama?
The plays of Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan that reacted against sentimental comedy excesses.
How did anti-sentimental comedy generate humor without relying on licentious Restoration plots or moralistic sentimentality?
Through witty dialogues and themes such as gender clashes, family, and marriage that evoked genuine laughter.
Who was the first British novelist to combine material facts with the complexities of human personality?
Samuel Richardson.
What school nicknames were given to Samuel Richardson due to his personality?
"Serious" and "Gravity".
How did Samuel Richardson begin developing his epistolary style at age thirteen?
By working as an apprentice writing love letters for servant girls.
What Daniel Defoe travel work did Samuel Richardson complete and publish anonymously?
A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain.
What corporate post was Samuel Richardson elected to in his later career?
Master of the Stationers Company.
What nickname did Samuel Richardson give to the Bluestocking ladies who admired him?
"The little spitfire".
What narrative format is shared by all three of Samuel Richardson's novels?
Epistolary form.
When were the two parts of Samuel Richardson's novel Pamela published?
Part 1 in 1740; Part 2 in 1741-42.
Which 1747-48 novel consolidated Samuel Richardson's reputation as a celebrant of female virtue?
Clarissa.
Which novel did Samuel Richardson write in 1754-55 as a portrait of male virtue?
The History of Sir Charles Grandison.
Who suggested that Samuel Richardson compile an index for his novels, known as Collection?
Samuel Johnson.
What is the full title and subtitle of Richardson's 1740 novel Pamela?
Pamela: Virtue Rewarded.
What double standard exists in Richardson's worldview regarding virtue in Pamela?
A reformed rake makes a perfect husband, but a woman who loses her virtue is undone forever.
Who is the 15-year-old maid targeted by Squire B in Samuel Richardson's Pamela?
Pamela.
Who is the housekeeper in Bedfordshire who complies with Squire B's attempts to seduce Pamela?
Mrs. Jervis.
On which estate is Pamela imprisoned under the watch of Mrs. Jewkes?
Squire B's Lincolnshire estate.
What moral objective does the Editor state in the preface to Pamela?
To inculcate Religion and Morality in the minds of youth of both sexes.
Who wrote the second prefatory letter to the Editor in Richardson's Pamela, claiming to be a French translator?
J.B.D.F.
What parody of Richardson's Pamela was published by Henry Fielding in 1741?
An Apology for the Life of Mrs. Shamela Andrews.
Who wrote the 1741 anti-Pamela response titled Anti-Pamela: or, Feign'd Innocence Detected?
Eliza Haywood.
What full-length 1742 novel by Henry Fielding served as a major counter-text to Pamela?
The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his Friend Mr. Abraham Adams.
Why did Samuel Richardson publish Pamela Part II in 1742?
To replace and disown unauthorized continuations by detractors.
In Pamela Part II, who temporarily disrupts the felicity of Pamela and Squire B's marriage?
A widowed countess.
Who is the old and ugly suitor Clarissa Harlowe's family attempts to force her to marry?
Roger Solmes.
Who elopes with Clarissa Harlowe and holds her prisoner in various locations, including a brothel?
Robert Lovelace.
Who protects Clarissa Harlowe after she escapes from Lovelace?
The poor Smiths.
What Latin term referring to the art of dying like a true Christian is illustrated by Clarissa's death?
Ars moriendi.
Who kidnaps Harriet Byron in Samuel Richardson's Sir Charles Grandison?
Sir Hargrave Pollexfen.
Why does Sir Charles Grandison delay proposing to Harriet Byron after rescuing her?
He feels morally obligated to Lady Clementina until she rejects him.
What was Henry Fielding's primary early career occupation before becoming a renowned novelist?
Writer of satirical plays, comedies, journalist, and magistrate.
What was Henry Fielding's major dramatic satire published in 1731?
Tom Thumb (revised as The Tragedy of Tragedies).
Under what pseudonym did Henry Fielding edit the Champion (1739-41) to attack Robert Walpole?
Captain Hercules Vinegar.
Whose classic work served as the model for Henry Fielding's Joseph Andrews?
Miguel de Cervantes (author of Don Quixote).
Who is the aristocratic lady in Joseph Andrews who attempts to seduce Joseph?
Lady Booby.
Who are Joseph Andrews's two companions throughout his adventures in Fielding's novel?
Fanny Goodwill and Parson Adams.
How does Henry Fielding define the generic form of Joseph Andrews in his preface?
"Comic epic in prose".
What Aristotelian recognition device reveals Joseph Andrews to be Mr. Wilson's child?
Anagnorisis (recognized by a strawberry mark on his chest).
What ancient Greek satirist influenced Henry Fielding's A Journey from this World to the Next?
Lucian.
What notorious 18th-century figure is the subject of Henry Fielding's 1743 biography satire?
Jonathan Wild (The History of the Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great).
What is the full title of Henry Fielding's 1749 masterpiece?
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling.
What does the designation "a foundling" signify in the title of Tom Jones?
It indicates that Fielding rejects normal epic procedure and deals with English society as it is.
Who is the heroine loved by Tom Jones in Fielding's novel?
Sophia.
Who is Tom Jones's villainous antagonist who represents society's conventional hypocrisy?
Blifil.
Which London lady sexually pursues Tom Jones, leading to further complications?
Lady Bellaston.
What is the title of Henry Fielding's 1751 novel that critiques the English legal system?
Amelia.
Who was the erring husband forgiven by the heroine in Henry Fielding's Amelia?
Captain Booth.
What organized police force in Britain was created by Henry Fielding and his brother John?
The Bow Street Runners.
Under what pseudonym did Henry Fielding edit the Covent Garden Journal in 1752?
Sir Alexander Drawcansir.
What travel narrative records Henry Fielding's final journey to Portugal in 1754?
The Journal of the Voyage to Lisbon (1755).
What was Laurence Sterne's first published work in 1759, a satirical allegory and roman a clef?
A Political Romance.
How many total volumes make up Laurence Sterne's novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman?
Nine volumes.
What question does Mrs. Shandy ask her husband at the exact moment of Tristram's conception?
Whether he had remembered to wind the clock.
What is Uncle Toby's personal obsession or "hobby horse" in Tristram Shandy?
The theory and practice of fortification (mock sieges).
Which character in Tristram Shandy acts as a direct representation of Laurence Sterne himself?
Yorick, the village parson.
Whose empirical philosophy regarding private trains of association heavily influenced Sterne's Tristram Shandy?
John Locke.
Which Russian Formalist critic termed Tristram Shandy "the most typical novel in western literature"?
Victor Shklovsky.
What persona and pseudonym did Laurence Sterne adopt when publishing his sermons?
Mr. Yorick.
Which character in Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey satirizes author Tobias Smollett?
Smelfungus.
What was Tobias Smollett's debut novel published in 1748?
The Adventures of Roderick Random.
Which actor was satirized as the character Marmoset in Tobias Smollett's Roderick Random?
David Garrick.
Who is the famous ex-seaman comic character who raises the hero in Tobias Smollett's Peregrine Pickle?
Commodore Trunnion.
What novel by Tobias Smollett features Sir Launcelot riding in armor with his squire Timothy Crabshaw?
Adventures of Launcelot Greaves.
What nickname did Tobias Smollett famously give to Dr. Samuel Johnson?
"The Great Cham of literature".
What is the title of Tobias Smollett's final epistolary novel published in 1771?
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker.
What 1778 epistolary novel of manners by Frances Burney was subtitled "The History of a Young Lady's Entry into the World"?
Evelina.
What is Charlotte Lennox's most famous 1752 novel centering on a heroine who believes French romances are real?
The Female Quixote, or, The Adventures of Arabella.
What was Oliver Goldsmith's only novel, published in 1766?
The Vicar of Wakefield.
What 1777 play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan features the famous "screen scene" unmasking Joseph Surface?
The School for Scandal.