Unit 7 APhug both parts

Industrial Revolution:

a bunch of technological improvements that changed the process of manufacturing

Bulk-reducing industry:

inputs weigh more than the final product

Bulk-gaining industry:

makes something that gains volume or weight

Labor-Intensive Industry:

wages make up a high percentage of expenses
mining

Capital:

money available to use

Agglomeration:

clustering of productive activities and people for mutual advantage

break-of-bulk:

the place where goods are transferred

Footloose Industry:

Industries that are not market or resource oriented

Gross Domestic Product (GDP):

total value of goods and services produced within a country during a specific time

Mass Production:

production of large amounts of standardized products, often on assembly lines.

Brownfield:

a former industrial region which has the presence or potential to have hazardous waste or pollutants

Newly Industrializing Countries:

a country whose level of economic development is between the LDC and MDC.

Asian Tigers:

countries that focused on creating consumer goods for export; South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore

BRIC Countries:

Brazil, Russia, India, and China - similar stage in economic development

New International Division of labor:

Transfer of jobs from core to periphery; especially low-paid, less-skilled workers

Outsourcing:

corporations use independent suppliers abroad

Commodity Chain:

the process of gathering resources, manufacturing and distribution

Maquiladoras:

factories built by US companies in Mexico, just across the border

Export Processing Zone:

industrial regions with easy access to transportation, few environmental regulations and tax exemptions for foreign companies

Basic industries:

Essential economic processes for a community, if this industry left the city would die

Non-basic Industries:

non-essential consumer services INSIDE the settlement

Economic base:

a settlement's combination of basic and non basic industries to create the economic foundation

Deindustrialization:

when industry leaves an area, taking the economic base with them

Services:

any activity that meets a human want/need in exchange for money

Consumer Services:

provide for individuals who want something and can pay for it

Public Service:

services for the community paid by taxes

Central Place Theory:

explains how to find the most profitable location for a consumer service

Range:

the maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service

Threshold:

minimum market for the service to survive

Rank-Size Rule:

a country's nth-largest settlement is 1/n of the largest settlement's population

Primate City Rule:

largest settlement has more than twice the population of the second largest

Business-Process Outsourcing:

transferring work like customer service abroad

Development:

process of improving the lives of people with diffusion of knowledge and tech

Gross National Product

total value of goods and services produced BY a country's citizens and corporations in a year

Gross Domestic Product

total value of goods and services produced IN a country in a year

Gross National Income:

calculates monetary worth of what's produced inside a country, plus income from investments internationally

Human Development Index

created by the UN to measure development of a country

Primary sector:

things from Earth (agriculture, fishing, mining)

Secondary sector:

manufacturing

Tertiary Sector:

goods and service for payment (retail, banking, law, education, gov)

Infrastructure:

the basic physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of a society

Self-sufficiency Model:

encourage domestic production, no international intervention

International trade:

open up to international investment

World Bank:

loans money to developing countries to help with infrastructure

International Monetary Fund:

loans money to stabilize the country's economy

Gender Equity:

the process of allocating resources, programs, and decision making to both males and females ...and addressing any imbalances in the benefits

Literacy Rate:

percentage of the population that can read and write

Maternal Mortality Rate:

# of women who die per 1,000 births

Adolescent Fertility Rate:

# of births per 1,000 women between 15-19

Non-Governmental Organization:

any non-profit, voluntary citizens' group which is organized on a local, national or international level

FEMINIST:

Someone who advocates for equal political, economic, cultural, and social rights between men and women.

Neo-colonialism:

the use of economic, political, or cultural to influence LDC's

Economic Development:

simple, low-income national economies grow into modern industrial economies

Fair Trade:

Commerce where products are made in a way that protects workers and small businesses in developing countries

Sustainable Development:

economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources