265-Lithiases Urinaires

Flashcards covering the classification, frequency, density, and risk factors of different types of urinary stones (lithiases) based on lecture notes.

Whewellite (Type I)

Calcium oxalate monohydrate stone; brownish and smooth appearance; frequency of $50\%$ (most frequent); density of $1200-1700\,UH$. It is resistant to LEC and associated with hyperoxaluria in acidic pH.

Weddelite (Type II)

Calcium oxalate dihydrate stone; yellowish and spiculate appearance; frequency of $20\%$; density of $900-1300\,UH$. Risk factors include hypercalciuria, low diuresis, primary hyperparathyroidism, and any cause of hypercalcemia.

Carbapatite (Type IV)

Phosphate de calcium stone; chalky appearance; frequency of $12\%$ (more common in females); density of $1300-1400\,UH$. It occurs in alkaline pH and is primarily associated with hypercalciuria.

Brushite

Type IV Phosphate de calcium stone; frequency of $2.5\%$; density of $1600-1900\,UH$. Risk factors include alkaline pH, phospho-calcium metabolism disorders (primary hyperparathyroidism, phosphate leak), metabolic acidosis, and infection.

Struvite

Yellow stone; frequency of $1.5\%$; density of $600-900\,UH$. Associated with alkaline pH and urinary infection.

Acide urique (Type III)

Uric acid stone (mono or dihydrate); yellow and smooth appearance; frequency of $10\%$; density of $350-500\,UH$. Risk factors include acidic pH, hyperuricosuria (gout, SMP), diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.

Urate (ammonium)

Stone type with a frequency of $0.5\%$ and density of $600-850\,UH$. It is associated with alkaline pH and hyperuricosuria.

Cystine (Type V)

Yellow and irregular stone; frequency of $1.5\%$; resistant to LEC. It occurs in acidic pH and is caused by cystinuria.

LEC

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy; stones such as Whewellite (Type I) and Cystine (Type V) are noted as resistant to this treatment.

Hyperoxaluria

The primary risk factor (FDR) associated with Whewellite (Type I) calcium oxalate monohydrate stones.

Hypercalciuria

A major risk factor (FDR) cited for Weddelite (Type II), Carbapatite (Type IV), and Brushite lithiases.

Cystinuria

The specific risk factor (FDR) leading to the formation of Cystine (Type V) stones.