HWH Final S1

Mesopotamia

One of the first societies. Where many things were invented including writing.

Cultural Diffusion

The spreading and merging of different cultures. (In mesopotamia case, the fusion of Greek and Egypt cultures.)

Ziggurat

A building in Mesopotamia. It was used as a temple for people and their Sumerian god.

Nebuchadnezzar

The second king of the Neo-Babylon empire. He was known for being the greatest king of this empire.

City-state

A city that governs itself and the surrounding territory.

Theocracy

A system of government where priests rule in the name of a god. 

Covenant

The original covenant made between G-d and Abraham. G-d promised Abraham he would be the father of a great nation and his descendants would inherit the promised land. Because of this covenant, Jews practice circumcision.

Ethical Monotheism

The monotheistic Hebrews followed an ethical code. They believed that believing in G-d meant living a moral life.

**Siddhartha Gautama**

Founder of Buddhism, the old prince

4 noble truths

Truth of suffering, Truth of cause of suffering, Truth of end of suffering, Truth of path that leads to suffering

Mahavira

Jain founder, all knowing, starved in forest

Moksha

Enlightenment for Buddhists and Jains

Castes

Priests, warriors, merchants, commoners, untouchables

Samsara

Reincarnation in Hinduism

Aryans

Indo European Nomadic pastoralists, very violent, Spread culture and conquered Harappan cities

Nirvana

Similar to enlightenment, means no bad karma

Confucianism

Philosophy NOT RELIGION with social structure (created by Confucius). Main philosophy of Han, Analects were the text.

Filal Piety

Confucian- attitude towards elders

Confucian relationships (5)

Emperor to people, father to son, older brother to younger brother, Friend to friend, husband to wife

Daoism/Taoism

Philosophy, idea that nature comes first, yin and yang

Mandate of Heaven

The ruling family was divine when things were going well, until things went bad then god would turn on them and they would be overthrown.

Legalism

Philosophy, Patriarchal, Autocracy, Emperor was all powerful and divine

Shi Huang Di

Brutal first emperor of Qin, strengthened military and conquered. Built the wall (dead ppl yk)

Cyrus

Began expansion of Persia and conquered all of Mesopotamia

Darius

Spread power through Afghanistan

Royal Road

Built by Darius, used for communication, 1,700 miles east to west

Greco-Persian wars

War between Greeks and Persians, Greeks won and now see themselves as superior.

Cyrus cylinder

Known as first set of laws, confirms the captivity in Babylon

Zoroastrianism

A religion mixed of Abrahamic religions, First monotheistic religion

Achemid Empire

The empire created by Cyrus (very big)

Zarathustra

Founder of Zoroastrianism

Satrap

Persian governors

Seleucid

Alexander the Greats Empire, Held important cities and was based in Anatolia

Polis

City states in Greece

Cliesthenes

Father of Athenian Democracy

Acropolis

A high up city

Socrates

Greek philosopher, created Socrates method

Plato

Socrates Student, founded school in Athens

Delian League

A Greek defensive league made in Athens to defeat the Persians: Delians vs Spartans and his Allies

Aristotle

Studied with Plato and didn’t like Democracy

Hannibal

Roman General

Hellenism

Greek culture, centered around polytheism, art, and drama

Punic wars

Series of wars between Rome and Carthage, Rome won

Peloponnesian War

Fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies, Sparta won.

Alexandria

Greek city founded by Alexander the Great

Pantheon

Former roman temple

Slavic peoples

Indo-European people in Europe.

Charlemagne

First emperor of Holy Roman Empire, Crowned by Pope Leo iii, United europe

Jihad

A spiritual struggle with ones self in Islam

Hubris

Excessive Pride and self confidence