12 - Water, Strong Acid and Bases, Hydrochloric Acid, Hydroiodic Acids

a. Water

Universal solvent.

a. Water

b. Alcohol

c. Tincture

d. Elixir

a. True

Water has high dielectric constant.

a. True

b. False

a. Water vapor

The rest of the choices are also expectorant but this is the best one

Best expectorant.

a. Water vapor

b. Antimony

c. Citrate

d. Ammonium

c. Natural / Mineral / Well Water

Unfit / Not fit for drinking.

a. Purified Water
b. Distilled Water
c. Natural / Mineral / Well Water
d. Water for Injection

e. All of the above

• Dissolved minerals

• Atmospheric gases

• Suspended organic matter

Contents of natural/mineral/well water.

a. Dissolved minerals

b. Atmospheric gases

c. Suspended organic matter

d. a and b

e. All of the above

a. Ca and Mg

Hard water contain dissolved mineral mainly:

a. Ca and Mg

b. Ca and K

c. Na and Mg

d. Na and K

a. Temporary Hard Water

Contains bicarbonate.

a. Temporary Hard Water

b. Permanent Hard Water

b. Permanent Hard Water

Contains Sulfate and Chloride.

a. Temporary Hard Water

b. Permanent Hard Water

a. Temporary hardness of water

Softened by boiling forming the insoluble precipitate CaCO3, CO2 and H2O.

a. Temporary hardness of water

b. Permanent hardness of water

b. Clark's process

Softening of temporary hardness of water by adding Ca(OH)2.

a. Haber's process

b. Clark's process

c. Hahn's process

d. Frasch's process

b. Permanent hardness of water

Softened by ion exchange resins.

a. Temporary hardness of water

b. Permanent hardness of water

a. Alkaline water

Contains NaHCO3, Na2SO4, MgSO4 in appreciable quantity.

a. Alkaline water

b. Carbonated water

c. Chalybeate water

d. Purgative water

a. Saline water

Also known as Purgative Water

a. Saline water

b. Carbonated water

c. Chalybeate water

d. Purgative water

d. Saline water (Purgative water)

Contains NaCl, Na2SO4, MgSO4 in high quantity.

a. Alkaline water

b. Carbonated water

c. Chalybeate water

d. Saline water (Purgative water)

b. Carbonated water

Contain Ca and Mg carbonates which when treated with acid, produce CO2 responsible for effervescence.

a. Alkaline water

b. Carbonated water

c. Chalybeate water

d. Purgative water

c. Chalybeate water

Contains Fe as suspension or solution thus has ferruginous state which can react with air forming ferric oxide or hydroxide.

a. Alkaline water

b. Carbonated water

c. Chalybeate water

d. Purgative water

a. Lithia water

Contains Li carbonate or Li chloride.

a. Lithia water

b. Siliceous water

c. Baryta water

d. Sulfur water

d. Sulfur water

Contains H2S and deposits of S upon atmospheric exposure.

a. Lithia water

b. Siliceous water

c. Baryta water

d. Sulfur water

b. Siliceous water

Contains soluble alkali silicates.

a. Lithia water

b. Siliceous water

c. Baryta water

d. Sulfur water

c. Baryta water

Ba(OH)2 salt solution.

a. Lithia water

b. Siliceous water

c. Baryta water

d. Sulfur water

d. All of the above

• Distillation

• Reverse osmosis

• Ion exchange

USP Methods for Potable water include:

a. Distillation

b. Reverse osmosis

c. Ion exchange

d. All of the above

d. Potable water

Treated water which is fit to drink.

a. Water fluoridation

b. Mineral water

c. Purified water

d. Potable water

e. All of the above

• Coagulation

• Settling

• Filtration

Insoluble matter removal to obtain potable water is done through:

a. Coagulation

b. Settling

c. Filtration

d. a and b

e. All of the above

d. a and b

• Aeration

• Chlorination

📌Filtration is done for insoluble matter removal

Microorganism (coliform) destruction to make potable water is done through:

a. Aeration

b. Chlorination

c. Filtration

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. a and b

• Aeration

• Filtration with charcoal

📌Chlorination is for microorganism destruction.

Palatability improvement to make potable water may be done through:

a. Aeration

b. Filtration with charcoal

c. Chlorination

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Water fluoridation

Contain Na fluorosilicate (parts per billion) which has anticariogenic property.

a. Water fluoridation

b. Mineral water

c. Purified water

d. Potable water

c. anticariogenic property

Na fluorosilicate has ______

a. antibacterial property
b. anti-inflammatory property
c. anticariogenic property
d. antifungal property

c. Purified water

Ingredients of official preparations, tests, assays unless specific solvent is specified.

a. Water fluoridation

b. Mineral water

c. Purified water

d. Potable water

a. True

Purified water (NP) can be parenteral if stated for “water for injection”

a. True

b. False

a. True

Purified water is non-parenteral

a. True

b. False

a. Strong acids

Corrosive

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases

a. Strong acids

Produce H2 as they corrode metal.

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases /alkali

a. Hydrogen gas (H₂)

Strong acids produce _____ when corroding metal?

a. Hydrogen gas (H₂)

b. Rust

c. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)

d. Red precipitate

b. Strong bases /alkali

Caustic.

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases /alkali

a. Strong acids

Causes coagulation necrosis.

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases /alkali

b. Strong bases /alkali

Causes liquefaction necrosis.

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases /alkali

b. Strong bases

Group 1A and 2A hydroxides are what?

a. Strong acids

b. Strong bases /alkali

e. None

All of these are strong acids. The rest of the acids are weak acids.

Strong acids except:

• Hydrochloric acid

• Hydrobromic acid

• Nitric acid

• Hydroiodoc acid

• Perchloric acid

• Sulfuric acid

a. Hydrochloric acid

b. Perchloric acid

c. Sulfuric acid

d. Hydrobromic acid

e. All of the above

d. a and b

• H₂O (Water)

• Be(OH)₂ (Beryllium hydroxide)

📌All oxides or hydroxides of group 1A and 2A elements are strong bases except H2O and Be(OH)2 because they are amphoteric substances.

Not a strong base:

a. H2O

b. Be(OH)2

c. Mg(OH)2

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

• Benzoic Acid (C₆H₅CO₂H)

• Acetic Acid (CH₃CO₂H / HOAc)

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

• Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

📌BAHN

Monoprotic Acids

• Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃)

• Oxalic Acid (H₂C₂O₄)

• Chromic Acid (H₂CrO₄)

• Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)

• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

📌Mnemonic: “COCHS”

Diprotic Acids

• Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)

• Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇)

📌Mnemonic: “PC”

Example of Triprotic Acids

a. Monoprotic acids

Benzoic Acid (C₆H₅CO₂H)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

a. Monoprotic acids

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

a. Monoprotic acids

Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

Carbonic Acid (H₂CO₃)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

Chromic Acid (H₂CrO₄)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇)

a. Monoprotic acids

b. Diprotic acids

c. Triprotic acids

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Also known as Muriatic acid.

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Acid present in the gastric juice which convert pepsinogen into pepsin.

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

c. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Acid that is secreted by parietal cells

a. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)

b. Nitric acid (HNO₃)

c. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

d. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

a. Parietal cells

HCl is secreted wha_____cell?

a. Parietal cells

b. Juxtaglomerular cells

c. Enterochromaffin cells

d. Nephron

b. Diluted HCl (10% w/v solution)

Used in the treatment of gastric achlorhydria (low HCl in stomach)

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

b. Achlorhydria

Low HCl in stomach

a. Hyperchlorhydria
b. Achlorhydria
c. Hypersecretion
d. Gastritis

b. 10% w/ v

Concentration of diluted HCl.

a. 5% w/ v

b. 10% w/ v

c. 15% w/ v

d. 20% w/ v

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Also known as:

• Dentritic salt

• Solar salt

a. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Also known as:

• Rock salt

• Table salt

• Sea salt.

a. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Na+ replenisher

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Tonicity-adjusting agent, condiment, preservative

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

d. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

If acid dissociate in water → Na+ + Cl-

a. Potassium Chloride (KCl)
b. Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃)
c. Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)
d. Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

b. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)

Contains NaCl + KCl + Na citrate + glucose

a. Intravenous Fluid
b. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
c. Ringer's Solution
d. Lactated Ringer's Solution

b. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)

Used for diarrhea and dehydration

a. Intravenous Fluid
b. Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS)
c. Ringer's Solution
d. Lactated Ringer's Solution

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

0.9% NaCl in water

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

b. Ringer's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

b. Ringer's Solution

NaCl + KCl + CaCl2

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

b. Ringer's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

Also known as Hartman's Solution

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

b. Ringer's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution (Hartman's Solution)

NaCl + KCl + CaCl 2 + Na lactate

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

b. Ringer's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

NaCl + KCl + Na lactate

a. Normal Saline Solution (NSS)

b. Ringer's Solution

c. Lactated Ringer's Solution

d. Darrow's Solution

c. K Citrate - should be Na citrate

ORS contain:

• NaCl

• KCl

• Na citrate

• Glucose

Oral Rehydration Salt is composed of the following except:

a. NaCl

b. KCl

c. K Citrate

d. Glucose

e. None

a. Diarrhea and dehydration

ORS is used for:

a. Diarrhea and dehydration

b. Diarrhea and edema

c. Constipation and dehydration

d. Constipation and edema

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

Kalium Durules®

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

K+ replenisher salt of choice.

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

Cardiac and skeletal muscle contractant.

a. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

b. Diluted HCl

c. Sodium chloride (NaCl)

d. Potassium chloride (KCl)

a. IV drip - slow push

Potassium chloride therapeutic administration:

a. IV drip

b. IV push

c. IM

d. IT

b. IV push

Potassium chloride lethal administration which can lead to euthanasia.

a. IV drip

b. IV push

c. IM

d. IT

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

Also known as Muriate of hartshorn.

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

a. Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl

Use as:

• Expectorant

• Diuretic

• Systemic acidifier.

• Urinary acidifier

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

Muriate of lime

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

f. All of the above

• Calcium replenisher for hypocalcemic states

• Systemic acidifier.

• Urinary acidifier

Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)uses:

a. Calcium replenisher for hypocalcemic states

b. Systemic acidifier

c. Urinary acidifier

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

Used as:

• Astringent

• Antiseptic

• Antiperspirant

• Deodorant.

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

Also known as Burnett's disinfecting liquid

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

Also known as Zinc butter

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

a. Lucas reagent

Solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid.

a. Lucas reagent

b. Fehling's reagent

c. Grignard's reagent

d. Wagner's reagent

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

Antiseptic, dentin desensitizer.

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

Astring-o-sol contains which of t he following?

a. Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl)

b. Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)

c. Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)

d. Zinc chloride (ZnCl₂)

d. Strontium chloride, SrCl2

Dentin desensitizer present in Sensodyne®.

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)

Also known as Calomel

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)

Cathartic which is the active ingredient of Ly-na.

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

b. Cathartic

Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl) is used as ____

a. Diuretic
b. Cathartic
c. Antiseptic

d. a and c

Black lotion = Calomel (HgCl) + lime water.

Black lotion is composed of:

a. HgCl

b. HgCl2

c. Lime water

d. a and c

e. b and c

f. All

b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)

Also known as the corrosive sublimate

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. Disinfectant

Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) is used as _______

a. Diuretic
b. Cathartic
c. Disinfectant

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)

Also known as Ammoniated mercury.

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

c. White precipitate

Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl) is a ____

a. Black lotion
b. Yellow precipitate
c. White precipitate
d. Red precipitate

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)

White precipitate used as topical anti-infective.

a. Mercuric ammonium chloride (HgNH₂Cl)
b. Mercuric chloride (HgCl₂)
c. Mercurous chloride (Hg₂Cl₂ / HgCl)
d. Strontium chloride (SrCl₂)

a. Cobaltous chloride (CoCl₂)

Also known as:

• Lover's ink

• Sympathetic ink.

a. Cobaltous chloride (CoCl₂)
b. Ferric chloride (FeCl₃)
c. Cadmium chloride (CdCl₂)
d. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

a. Cobaltous chloride (CoCl₂)

Silica gel beads indicator.

a. Cobaltous chloride (CoCl₂)
b. Ferric chloride (FeCl₃)
c. Cadmium chloride (CdCl₂)
d. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

a. Blue

Dry silica gel on cobaltous chloride.

a. Blue

b. Pink

c. Green

d. Yellow