Inventory List Exam I

Matter

Anything that has mass or takes up volume

Substance

A form of matter with a uniform and definite composition (like pure elements or compounds)

States

The physical forms in which matter exists I solid, liquid, gas) - sometimes plasma

Atomic scale

Looking at matter at the level of atoms and molecules - too small to see directly

Macroscopic scale

What we can see and measure directly with our senses or instruments (bulk matter)

Microscopic scale

Not visible with naked eye - have to use simple magnifying instrument (ex. Microscope)

Solid

State of matter with fixed shape or volume ; particles tightly packed and vibrate in place

Liquid

State of matter with definite volume but takes the shape of its container; particles are close but can move apart from eachother

Gas

State of matter with no fixed shape or volume; particles are far apart and move freely

Energy

The ability to do work / cause change

Work

A transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied over a distance

Kinetic energy

Energy of motion (moving particles have this )

Temperature

A measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a substance

Potential energy

Stored energy due to a position, arrangement or condition ( ex. bonds between atoms)

Unit

Standard quantity used to measure something

Metric system

Decimal - based system of measurement used world-wide in science

English system

System of measurement commonly used in the U.S.

SI system

The standardized, modern form of metric system used in science globally

Base units

The fundamental si units lex. Meter for length, kilogram for mass, seconds for time, mole for amount of substance, kelvin for temperature )

Prefixes

Word parts placed before base units to indicate multiples or fractions

Metric prefixes

Specific prefixes used in metric system to scale base units

Length

Measurement of distance - si base unit is meter (m)

Mass

Amount of matter in an object - si base unit is kilogram (kg)

Gram

Metric unit of mass = one thousandth of a kg ( 1g=.001 kg)

Microgram (ug)

Unit of mass = one millionth of a gram

Volume

Amount of space an object or substance occupies - common unit is L

Meniscus

Curved surface of a liquid in a container

Liter

Metric unit of volume equal to 1,000 mL

Significant figures

The digits in a number that reflect precision of a measurement

Exact numbers

Values known with complete certainty (ex. 12 eggs in a dozen)

Unit conversion

Changing a measurement from one unit to another (ex. In to cm)

Dimensional analysis

Problem solving method that uses conversion factors to move between units

Density

Mass per unit volume of a substance (D = m/v)

Specific gravity

Ratio of the density of a a substance to the density of water

QD

Once a day

BID

Twice a day

Kelvin (K)

Si unit of temperature where 0K = absolute zero → no negative values

Fahrenheit

Temperature scale used in the U.S. - water freezes at 32° F and boils at 212°F

Celsius

Temperature scale used worldwide - water freezes at 0º c and boils at 100°C

Hypothermia

Dangerous condition where body temp. Drops below normal (below 35°C or 95°F )

Q. I. D.

Four times daily

Heat stroke

Body temp above 41°C or 105°F

Normal body temp.

98.6°F or 37°C

Physical change

No change in composition

Chemical change

Results in change in composition of the substance

Proton

Positive charge, within nucleus, mass of 1 amu

Neutron

No charge, within nucleus, mass of 1 amu

Electron

Negative charge, outside nucleus, mass of O amu

Building block elements

C,H,N,O,P,S

Macronutrients

Na,Mg, K, Ca, P, S, Cl

Micronutrients

V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Si, F, Se, I

Essential component of thyroid hormone in thyroid gland

Iodide

Essential for teeth and bones

Fluoride

Immune system function, hair, skin, muscles, testes, while blood cells

Zinc

Hemoglobin protein in red blood cells for transportation of 02

.iron

Cells of liver, spleen, kidneys

Chromium

Metals

Shiny, usually solids at room temp., good conductors of heat and electricity

Nonmetals

Dull, solids, liquids, or gases at room temp., poor conductors of heat and electricity

Metalloids

Have characteristics of both metals/ nonmetals, does not include aluminum