chapter 1

server role

server role

A major function or service that a server performs

Role services

Services that can be installed in Server Manager to add

functions to the main role. See also server role

server operating systems

OS designed to emphasize network access performance

and run background processes rather than desktop

applications.

standalone server

A Windows server that isn't a domain controller or a

member of a domain

server features

Components you can install that provide functions to

enhance or support an installed role or add a standalone

feature.

Windows workgroup

A small collection of Windows computers whose users

typically have something in common, such as the need to

share files or printers with each other. No computer has

authority or control over another. Logons, security, and

resource sharing are decentralized. Also called a peer-to-

peer network

NT File System (NTFS)

A file system used on Windows OSs that supports

compression, encryption, and file and folder permissions.

domain controller

A Windows server that has Active Directory installed and

is responsible for allowing client computers to access

domain resources.

Windows domain

A group of Windows computers that share common

management and are subject to rules and policies that an

administrator defines.

member server

A Windows server that's in the management scope of a

Windows domain but doesn't have Active Directory

installed.

network protocol

Software that specifies the rules and format of

communication between devices on a network

network connection

The network interface, network protocol, and network

client and server software working together on a Windows

computer.

network interface

The network interface card and the device driver software

working together.

network client

The part of the OS that sends requests to a server to access

network resources.

Network server software

The part of the OS that receives requests for shared

network resources and makes these resources available to

a network client.

PowerShell

A command-line interactive scripting environment that

provides the commands needed for most management

tasks in a Windows Server 2016 environment.

Active Directory

The Windows directory service that enables administrators

to create and manage users and groups, set network wide

user and computer policies, manage security, and organize

network resources.

Variable

A temporary storage location that holds values, whether

numeric, strings, or objects.

Cloud computing

A collection of technologies for abstracting the details of

how applications, storage, network, and other computing

resources are delivered to users.

Parameter

An input to a command or PowerShell cmdlet

guest OS

The operating system running in a virtual machine

installed on a host computer. See virtual machine (VM).

host computer

The physical computer on which virtualization software is

installed and virtual machines run.

virtual machine (VM)

The virtual environment that emulates a physical

computer's hardware and BIOS

Virtualization software

The software for creating and managing virtual machines

and creating the virtual environment in which a guest OS

is installed.

Virtualization

A technology that uses software to emulate multiple

hardware environments, allowing multiple operating

systems to run on the same physical server

simultaneously

public cloud

A cloud computing service provided by a third party. See

cloud computing.

Virtual desktop infrastructure (V DI)

A sector of private cloud computing whereby users access their desktops through a private cloud; the OS and

applications run on servers in a corporate data center

rather than on the local computer.

private cloud

A cloud computing service provided by a company's

internal IT department. See cloud computing

hypervisor

The virtualization software component that creates and

monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows

multiple virtual machines to share physical hardware

resources.

thin provisioning

A method for creating virtual disks whereby the virtual

disk expands dynamically and uses space from the storage

pool as needed until it reaches the specified maximum

size.

server operating system

OS designed to emphasize network access performance

and run background processes rather than desktop

applications.

compute host

A server that provides processing, storage, networking,

and memory resources needed to run an application,

usually as a virtual machine and often as a cluster

member.

Nested virtualization

The ability to run a virtual machine on a virtual machine