chapter 1

**server role**

**A major function or service that a server performs**

**Role services**

**Services that can be installed in Server Manager to add**

**functions to the main role. See also server role**

**server operating systems**

 **OS designed to emphasize network access performance**

**and run background processes rather than desktop**

**applications.**

**standalone server**

**A Windows server that isn't a domain controller or a**

**member of a domain**

**server features**

**Components you can install that provide functions to**

**enhance or support an installed role or add a standalone**

**feature.**

**Windows workgroup**

**A small collection of Windows computers whose users**

**typically have something in common, such as the need to**

**share files or printers with each other. No computer has**

**authority or control over another. Logons, security, and**

**resource sharing are decentralized. Also called a peer-to-**

**peer network**

**NT File System (NTFS)**

**A file system used on Windows OSs that supports**

**compression, encryption, and file and folder permissions.**

**domain controller**

**A Windows server that has Active Directory installed and**

**is responsible for allowing client computers to access**

**domain resources.**

**Windows domain**

**A group of Windows computers that share common**

**management and are subject to rules and policies that an**

**administrator defines.**

**member server**

**A Windows server that's in the management scope of a**

**Windows domain but doesn't have Active Directory**

**installed.**

**network protocol**

**Software that specifies the rules and format of**

**communication between devices on a network**

**network connection**

**The network interface, network protocol, and network**

**client and server software working together on a Windows**

**computer.**

**network interface**

**The network interface card and the device driver software**

**working together.**

**network client**

**The part of the OS that sends requests to a server to access**

**network resources.**

**Network server software**

**The part of the OS that receives requests for shared**

**network resources and makes these resources available to**

**a network client.**

**PowerShell**

**A command-line interactive scripting environment that**

**provides the commands needed for most management**

**tasks in a Windows Server 2016 environment.**

**Active Directory**

**The Windows directory service that enables administrators**

**to create and manage users and groups, set network wide**

**user and computer policies, manage security, and organize**

**network resources.**

**Variable**

**A temporary storage location that holds values, whether**

**numeric, strings, or objects.**

**Cloud computing**

**A collection of technologies for abstracting the details of**

**how applications, storage, network, and other computing**

**resources are delivered to users.**

**Parameter**

**An input to a command or PowerShell cmdlet**

**guest OS**

**The operating system running in a virtual machine**

**installed on a host computer. See virtual machine (VM).**

**host computer**

**The physical computer on which virtualization software is**

**installed and virtual machines run.**

**virtual machine (VM)**

**The virtual environment that emulates a physical**

**computer's hardware and BIOS**

**Virtualization software**

**The software for creating and managing virtual machines**

**and creating the virtual environment in which a guest OS**

**is installed.**

**Virtualization**

**A technology that uses software to emulate multiple**

**hardware environments, allowing multiple operating**

**systems to run on the same physical server**

**simultaneously**

**public cloud**

 **A cloud computing service provided by a third party. See**

**cloud computing.**

**Virtual desktop infrastructure (V DI)**

**A sector of private cloud computing whereby users access their desktops through a private cloud; the OS and**

**applications run on servers in a corporate data center**

**rather than on the local computer.**

**private cloud**

**A cloud computing service provided by a company's**

**internal IT department. See cloud computing**

**hypervisor**

**The virtualization software component that creates and**

**monitors the virtual hardware environment, which allows**

**multiple virtual machines to share physical hardware**

**resources.**

**thin provisioning**

**A method for creating virtual disks whereby the virtual**

**disk expands dynamically and uses space from the storage**

**pool as needed until it reaches the specified maximum**

**size.**

**server operating system**

**OS designed to emphasize network access performance**

**and run background processes rather than desktop**

**applications.**

**compute host**

**A server that provides processing, storage, networking,**

**and memory resources needed to run an application,**

**usually as a virtual machine and often as a cluster**

**member.**

**Nested virtualization**

**The ability to run a virtual machine on a virtual machine**