RABIES VIRUS (3-Finals)

Domestic dog

RABIES VIRUS

• can cause approximately or more than 55,000 human rabies deaths per year

• Most occur in developing countries

• Millions of human exposures per year

• The ________ is the single most important animal reservoir

• Wildlife important, especially in developed countries

Carnivora, Chiroptera

RABIES HOSTS

• All warmed blooded vertebrates are susceptible to experimental infection

• Mammals are the natural hosts of rabies

• Reservoirs consist of the ________ (canids, skunks, raccoons, mongoose, etc) and ________ (bats)

Puerto Rico

ANIMAL RESERVOIRS

• Dogs

• MONGOOSE (main reservoir in RSA in the wild- _______

• Suricate

• Jackal

• BAT (Some evidence to suggest carrier status and droplet infection)

Alaska, Texas, Arizona

ANIMAL RESERVOIRS

• Artic and red Fox- _____ (in Europe); Gray Fox (_____ and ______)

• SKUNKS- N, S, C USA and Ca. RACCOONS (eastern USA)

Natal

ANIMAL RESERVOIRS

• Semi wild dogs (in____)

• USA- Eliminated Rabies in Dogs/canine

• Remaining 6 cases acquired outside USA (Africa, PH, Haiti and El Salvador)

350-450, 5-7

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Philippines: _______ cases/year

  • ____ per million population

140,000-560,000, 200-800 per 100,000

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Dogs Bite Incidence: _________/year

  • ____________ population/year

5-14, 53%

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Age most affected: _____ year age group

  • _____ cases

98%

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Biting Animals: SLH study 1982-2002)

  • Dogs: ____

88%

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Biting Animals: SLH study 1982-2002)

  • Pet: _____

10%

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Biting Animals: SLH study 1982-2002)

  • Stray: ____

2%

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• Biting Animals: SLH study 1982-2002)

  • Cats: ____

Bite

TRANSMISSION

• _____- usual route of the transmission or the acquiring of the virus

Corneal and other Transplants

TRANSMISSION

• _________________- virus can thrive in the mast cells and the nerves. This case must presented during infectious disease convention.

Mucosal, Membranes, Wound

TRANSMISSION

• ______________- the saliva of animals can contain the rabies virus.

Aerosols (Rare)

TRANSMISSION

• __________- not exposed to the other people because it can acquire infection due to aerosols

Human Rabies

• Surgically- via transplants: it can thrive to the nervous system and in the tissue the rabies virus

• Human end stage of infection

• No direct human to human ever documented