Industrial Revolution in Britain, 1750–1850 (Chapter 2)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts, people, dates, and developments from the British Industrial Revolution notes.

The period that saw major transformation of economies from a traditional agrarian economy into a large-scale industry is the __.

Industrial Revolution

Britain had raw materials such as __ and iron that helped fuel the Industrial Revolution.

coal

The __ was a major transformation in agriculture practices in Britain that led to an increase in food output and high labour productivity.

Agricultural Revolution

The Norfolk four-course rotation, discovered by Charles Lord Viscount Townshend, involved wheat, turnips, barley, and __.

clover

The seed drill invented by Jethro Tull in 1701 sowed seeds in neat __.

rows

The Enclosure movement, approved after the 1750 British Parliament passed 4000 Acts of Enclosure, merged small farms into a larger unit owned by a single __.

landowner

The Spinning Jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, allowed one person to spin __ threads at the same time.

8

The Water Frame, invented by Richard Arkwright, produced stronger and more uniform __.

yarn

The first modern factory was built at __ in Derbyshire.

Cromford

The Great Reform Act of 1832 ended rotten boroughs and gave industrial towns proper __.

representation

The Anti-Corn Law League was founded in __ by Richard Cobden and John Bright.

1838

Free trade means trade without __.

tariffs

Urbanisation in Britain rose from 15% in 1750 to 54% by __.

1850

By __, 80% of the population lived in towns.

1880

The 1833 Factory Act banned the employment of children under __ in textile factories.

9

The 1842 Mines Act banned all women and girls from underground mines and banned boys under the age of __ from underground work.

10

The 1844 Factory Act lowered maximum working hours for children aged 8–13 to __ hours per day.

6.5

The 1847 Factory Act limited working hours for women and young people (13–18) to a maximum of __ hours per day.

10

The Frame Breaking Act made machine breaking punishable by __.

death

The Luddites began in the town of __ in 1811.

Nottingham

Peterloo Massacre occurred in __ at St Peter's Field, Manchester.

1819

The Newport Rising was part of the Chartist movement and occurred in __.

1839

The Great Reform Act increased representation for industrial towns but left the working class still __ from voting.

excluded

Tolpuddle Martyrs were six agricultural workers who were transported to __.

Australia

The Royal Commission on Factory Reform in 1833 led to the Factory Act of __.

1833

The Six Acts (1819) included the Seizure of Arms Act and the Seditious Meetings Prevention Act; they banned meetings over __ without permission.

50

The repeal of the Corn Laws in 1846 marked a shift from landowner power to industrialist __.

influence

The Flying Shuttle was invented by John Kay in __, speeding up weaving.

1733

The Spinning Mule was invented by Samuel Crompton in __, producing high-quality yarn.

1779

The Power Loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright in __, automating the weaving process.

1785

Richard Trevithick developed the railway steam locomotive by __.

1804

Bridgewater Canal opened in __, commissioned by Francis Egerton.

1761

The first steam engine to drain mines was invented by __ in 1709.

Thomas Newcomen