IB Bio HL Unit 5

ATP, Pigments & Chromatography, Photosynthesis, Aerobic Cellular Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

Name of the molecule that serves as the energy currency of the cell

Adenine triphosphate (ATP)

What type of monomer is ATP?

Modified nucleotide

The organelle and process that produces ATP

Mitochondria, aerobic cellular respiration

Processes that ATP is used

Active transport, anabolic reactions, muscle contractions, movement of cells or parts within cells

Why is ATP like a spring?

Shoving all of the negatively charged phosphates together (by creating the bonds) is like compressing a spring

The process where energy is released from ATP

ATP Hydrolysis

What is ATP hydrolysis

the breaking of the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate, energy is released when the 3rd phosphate is broken off

What does ADP stand for

Adenine diphosphate

The process where ATP is regenerated by ADP

ADP phosphorylation

How does ADP phosphorylation work? Does it require energy?

the addition of a phosphate group to ATP, requires energy

Where do humans get the energy needed to perform ADP phosphorylation?

The breakdown of food molecules like glucose

How do humans break down food molecules for energy?

Cellular respiration

How does wavelength relate to the color of light?

Violet has shorter wavelengths while red has longer wavelengths

Pigment definition

molecules that absorb light

How are absorption and reflection related?

wavelengths that are not absorbed are reflected, the light reflected is what we percieve

The major photosynthetic pigment of Chlorphyll, xanthophyll, and carentoids

chlorophyll

Which colors do chlorophyll absorb and reflect?

chlorophyll reflects green and absorbs all other wavelengths

Absorption spectrum definition

the wavelengths of light absorbed by a particular substance or pigment

How does light absorption rates relate to the rate of photosynthesis?

more light absorption by Pigments increases the rate of photosynthesis

action spectrum

shows the effectiveness of different wavelengths of light on photosynthesis

How is the absorption spectrum different from the action spectrum

absorption spectrum only includes one pigment, while the action spectrum includes all pigments

paper chromatography definition

a lab technique used to separate mixtures of substances as they move up the paper