Population Genetics Lab Worksheet

These flashcards cover key concepts, calculations, and processes involved in the Population Genetics lab, specifically focusing on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, natural selection, genetic drift, and relevant genetic calculations.

What are the five causes of evolution that can alter Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Mutation, selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and non-random mating.

What does 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

The frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population.

How do you calculate p in Generation 1?

p is calculated as the frequency of the dominant allele (red beads); p = (number of dominant alleles) / (total number of alleles).

What is the purpose of returning beads after each draw in the Hardy-Weinberg demonstration?

To simulate random mating and maintain the population size across generations.

What is the expected count of homozygous recessive individuals in the natural selection demonstration?

Zero; homozygous recessive individuals do not survive to breed.

What is a bottleneck effect in the context of genetic drift?

A sharp reduction in population size that results in a loss of genetic diversity.

In the context of genetic drift, what happens to the allele frequencies after a disaster scenario?

Allele frequencies may change significantly due to the random survival of individuals.

How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?

Genetic drift is a random process affecting allele frequencies, while natural selection is a non-random process favoring survival of certain traits.

If the occurrence of agammaglobulinemia is approximately 1 in 150,000 births, what is the value of q2?

q2 is the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals, which is approximately 1/150,000.

How would you expect the carrier frequency (2pq) to change in a population subjected to natural selection?

It may decrease if homozygous recessive individuals are removed effectively.