Theory of personality: Psychoanalytic perspective (Part 2)

Carl Jung disagreed with Freud’s psychosexual model and developed his own theory of personality, known as ___, in which he shifted the emphasis from ___ to ___

• Analytical psychology

• Libido to unconscious

Carl Jung’s theory proposed that the unconscious consists two layers. Explain them.

• Personal unconscious → same as Freud’s unconscious

• Collective unconscious → A part of the unconscious shared by all humans containing memories inherited by ancestors

According to Carl Jung’s theory, archetypes are…

They can help with ___

• Ancestral memories believed to have universal meanings

• Dream analysis

In Alfred Adler’s theory of personality, known as ___, he believed that humans were motivated by ___.

This is in contrast to Freud, who believed that humans were motivated by ___.

• Individual psychology

• A desire for mastery and reaching their fullest potential

• Unconscious thoughts

According to Alfred Alder, efforts that one exerts to overcome their real or imagined inferiorities and develop their abilities is known as ___. Excessive feelings of inadequacy can lead to ___.

• Compensation

• Inferiority complex

In Erickson’s theory of personality development, known as ___, he focused on ___ and believed that personality development occurred during ___

• Psychosocial development

• Social interactions

• Lifetime as oppose to childhood

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 1 Infancy, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Basic trust vs mistrust

• Hope

  • Child completely depends on parents. Being attentive will result in trusting attitude towards world while neglect will do the opposite

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 2 Toddler, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Autonomy vs shame/doubt

• Will

  • Child takes on responsibility for their daily activities. Depending on how the parents respond, the child will either feel autonomy or shame

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 3 Preschool, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Initiative vs guilt

• Purpose

  • Children will make decisions through social interactions and play. They will also take on tasks independently. Depending on how the parents respond, they can either develop initiative or guilt

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 4 School, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Industry vs inferiority

• Competence

  • Children will participate in various activities in school.

  • Encouragement → industry/productive/accept feedback

  • Criticism → inferiority

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 5 Adolescence, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Identity vs identity confusion

• Fidelity

  • Identity crisis

  • Developing sense of self → contribute to society

  • Those who don’t will be confused about their identity

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 6 early adulthood, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Intimacy vs isolation

• Love

  • Developing intimate relationships

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 7 middle adulthood, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Generativity vs stagnation

• Care

  • Develop genuine concern for guiding next generation

In Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, Stage 8 late adulthood, the psychosocial crisis are ___ and the virtue is ___

• Integrity vs despair

• Wisdom

  • Reflect on their life an either develop integrity from a sense of satisfaction or despair from bitterness or resentment

What are the big five personality traits (OCEAN)

• Openess

• Concientiousness

• Extraversion

• Agreeableness

• Neuroticism

People that score high in ___ tend to have intellectual curiosity, an active imagination, and many ideas

Openess

People that score high in ___ tend to be always prepared, follow schedules, and pay attention to details

Concientiousness

People that score high in ___ tend to start conversations, like to talk a lot at parties, and enjoy social interactions

Extraversion

People that score high in ___ tend to be kind, trusting, trustworthy, generous, and considerate

Agreeableness

People that score high in ___ tend to be easily irritated or stressed, often in a bad mood, and worry a lot

Neuroticism

What are the 8 stages of Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development?

• Infancy (0-1)

• Toddler (2-3)

• Preschool (4-6)

• School (6-puberty)

• Adolescence

• Early Adulthood

• Middle Adulthood

• Late Adulthood