the appendicular skeleton; upper extremity

upper extremity

each limb has 5 proximal bones: clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, and radius

-also 27 hand bones: 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges

-distal,middle,proximal

whats the pectoral girdle

-medial end of each clavicle articulates with the manubrium and first rib

-laterally the end of the clavicles join the scapulae

-provides attachment for many muscles that move upper limb

whats the mobility of the pectoral girdle

-only clavicle articulates with the axial skeleton

-socket of shoulder joint is shallow

-good flexibility bad stability

list terms about clavicles

-extend horizontally across the superior thorax

-sternal end articulates with the manubrium

-acromial end articulates with scapula

-transmit compression forces from upper limbs to the axial skeleton

where is the scapulae located

between ribs 2-7; lies on the dorsal surface of rib cage

what are the 3 borders of scapulae

superior, medial(vertebral), lateral (axillary)

what are the 3 angles of scapulae

lateral, superior, and inferior

list pectoral girdle joints

acromioclavicular joint, sternoclavicular joint, and glenohumeral joint

what are the muscles of the shoulder

pectoralis major(convergent/direct attach.), deltoid (lateral movement), and latissimus dorsi

what do rotator cuff muscles do

Stabilize shoulder joint

what are the 4 muscles in the rotator cuff

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapualris

list facts about the arm and its landmarks

-humerus is the only bone of arm; its the longest and strongest of upper limb

-landmarks: deltoid tuberosity, medial and lateral epicondyle, and head of the humerus

what kind of joint is the elbow

hinge; only moves in one direction

what kind of movement is the elbow

movement is uniaxial; allows movement around one axis

synovial joints have what

synovial capsule

list the upper arm movements and muscles

-posterior muscles- extensors of arm

ex-triceps brachii

-anterior muscles- flexors of forearm

ex-biceps brachii, brachialis

the triceps brachii do what

-medial and lateral cross posterior elbow-extension of forearm

-long head crosses posterior shoulder and elbow- so can extend and adduct arm

list the anterior muscles

biceps brachii long head- origin is the supragelnoid tubercle of scapula

-short head- opigin is the coracoid process

-both insert on the radial tuberosity

list things about forearm

-formed by radius and ulna

-the interosseous membrane- interconnects radius and ulna

• in anatomical position the radius is lateral and ulna is medial

list things about ulna

main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus

-distal end is separated from carpals by fibrocartilage

-almost no role in hand movement

-landmarks: olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process, and radial notch

list things about the radius

-superior surface of the head of the radius articulates with the capitulum

-medially-the head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

-contributes heavily to the wrist joint

• distal radius articulates with carpal bones

• when radius moves, the hand moves with it

-major landmarks: head, neck, radial tuberosity, radial styloid process

muscles of forearm

-most forearm muscles originate on the distal humerus

-movements at wrist:flexion,extension,ab+adduction

-originate from a common tendon:medial epicondyle

whats the anterior flexor compartment of forearm

most of the digital and carpal flexors

more muscles of forearm

action- flexion of wrist and fingers

pronator teres- pronates

flexor retinaculum- fibrous band covers carpal bones

whats the posterior extensor compartment of forearm

originate at later epicondyle of humerus tendon