Lab #1 Test for lab #2 and #3

This will be info for bio 105 lab The scientific method 2024 (College bio)

Daphnia

Daphnia

• Multi celled organism, fresh water aquatic

• Crustaceans- shrimp and lobster family

• Could be a model organism to describe how drugs affect basic metabolism

• Daphnia Anatomy-is located on page 16 in the lab manual

Metabolism

• How can we measure metabolism in humans?

• Heart rate in humans

• Other ways in other organisms

Metabolic depressants

‘DRUGS’

• Alcohol

• What happens if you have too much?

  • Decreased HR (Heart rate)

  • Decreased breathing

  • Decreased reaction time

  • Slow, slurred speech

  • Black out

  • Too much can kill you

Metabolic stimulants

• Caffeine

  -What happens when you have too much?

• Wide awake

• Shaky

• talk fast

• increased HR

• Increased breathing

Stimulants and Depressants

• Drugs

• Some are legal

• Some are illegal

Metabolism

• physiological changes seen as metabolic rate

• How do we look at metabolic rates

  - HR or GR (Glucocorticoid Receptors)

Model Organisms

• CANNOT use humans for experiment!!!!

• NOT ETHICAL

  -Sever impairment

  -Death

• Choose a model organism that will have similar results that could be applied to humans

Key words

• Model Organism

• Metabolism

• Stimulant

• Depressant

Objective

• Observe the scientific method by observing the metabolic of Daphnia

What can we never do in science

We can NEVER prove anything in science we can only support or REFUTE a hypothesis

Support or refute hypothesis because:

-cannot prove

-based on data/results

How should we present results

-Figures

-Tables

-graphs

-websites

Predictions should include?

• More specific details

• Include rationale

  Ex: Leaves exposed to 25 c and lower will change colors because they are not photosysthesizing as much

Experimetal design

• Details of what you need to test your hypothesis

  -materials

  -methods

• Reproducibility

  -Multiple test:

  • Results not due to luck, chance, or accident

    -Others:

  • If they run test, get similar results

Controlled Experiments

• Test hypothesis

• Change only one variable at a time

• control

Hypothesis

• An educated guess

• A broad. general, statement

• Must be

  -Testible

  -falasifiable

• No if then statement

• Not written in the form of a question

• Avoid negative hypothesis

The scientific method

(A step by step process)

1. observation

2. hypothesis

3. proposed experiments

4. predicted results and rationale

5. actual results

6. conclussions

Insert info from lab manual dont forget to add from nothes and following chapter!!!

What are some guidelines for lab success?

1. Review suggested sections

2. Read objectives at the beginning of each lab

3. Predict your results

4. Be able to describe how your results support or refute the hypothesis

Lab 1

Objectives

1. Identify the different approaches to the scientific inquiry

2. Define the steps and order of scientific method

Discovery science

Seeks mostly to describe nature and can be a very powerful tool. Ex: taxonomy, dino paleontalogy,

Discovery science asks WHAT and RARELY why

Hypothesis-based science

asks a specific question and poses a hypothesis based on some previous observation or observations (usually produced via discovery science). Hypotheis-based science almost always ask the HOW? or WHY?

what is the scientific method?

is a dynamic process that is used to answer questions about the world around us?

-hypo

underlying

-thesis

idea

Hypothesis must be_____ and ______

testable and falsifiable

Controlled experiments

• Should be designed to test the hypothesis

• All factors in the experiment need to be held at CONSTANT or standardized variables except for 1 for which would be the one being tested.

Independent variable

is the one that is changed by scientist. (The thing that you are manipulating)

Dependent variable

• The effect of change on the dependent variable.

Feeding 2 cups of fertilizer a week made 8 flowers.

Dependent variable would be number of flowers

Control

• When you have an experiment you need to keep a control element where you dont do anything

results are not ____

A conclusion. A conclusion is a separate statement where you accept or refute the original hypothesis.

Where is the independent variable on a graph

always on the x-axis

Where is the dependent variable on a graph

y-axis

Why are graphs important from the scientific data presentation?

Fast way to get into

What are two other forms of scientific data presentation?

tables and figures

What conditions must a good hypothesis satisfy?

Must be testible

Observations lead too _____?

hypothesis

How many times should you run an experiment to make sure its testible and wasnt just luck?

at least two times

What where the objectives for lab #2 Manipulating metabolism with drugs?

• Apply the scientific method to study metabolism

• Explain why Daphnia can be used to model an organism to study the effect of drugs that we use on a daily

• Explain changes to an organism

• Explain at least 2 WAYS to measure an organisms metabolism

What is caffeine?

Its a stimulant and alcohol is a metabolic depressant!

What is the scientific name for Daphnia

daphnia magna

What is a model organism?

• are non-human species used in scientific research to understand biological processes.

• They are chosen for their ease of maintenance and breeding in laboratory settings, short generation times, and genetic similarities to humans.