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protons
Positively charged
Relative mass 1
Relative charge +1
Neutrons
Neutrons are electrically neutral
Relative mass 1
Relative charge 0
Electrons
Relative charge -1
Relative Mass 1/2000
Orbit around the nucleus in shells or orbital
Nucleus
Located in center of the atom
Neutral
Small and dense
Mass number ( A )
the total number of nucleons ( protons + neutrons ) in the nucleus
Top number on p table
Atomic number ( z)
The number of proton in the nucleus, identifies the element
Bottom number in p table
Protons = z number
Negative ions
have more electrons than protons
Eg ; A particle with 1 proton and 2 electrons → negative ion charge of -1