Child Development, Socioeconomic Contexts, and Cultural Values Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering subcultural values, socioeconomic factors, heredity studies, educational settings, and family structures based on lecture notes.

Collectivism

A broad set of cultural values where people stress group goals over individual goals, valuing qualities such as social harmony, obligations and responsibility to others, and collaborative endeavors.

Individualism

A broad set of cultural values where people are largely concerned with their own personal needs, valuing independence, personal discovery, achievement, and choice in relationships.

Kinship Studies

Studies comparing individuals who are genetically more alike to assess whether heredity plays an important role in complex traits such as intelligence and personality.

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

An index that assesses a family's social position and economic well-being by combining three related variables: years of education, job prestige and required skill, and income.

Parents in High-SES Households

Parents who tend to talk to, read to, and stimulate their children more, grant freedom to explore, and emphasize psychological traits such as curiosity, happiness, self-direction, and cognitive and social maturity.

Parents in Low-SES Households

Parents who tend to emphasize external characteristics like obedience, politeness, neatness, and cleanliness, and who may use commands, criticism, physical punishment, and coercive discipline more frequently due to economic stress.

Neighborhoods

Community settings that offer resources and social ties that play an important part in development, having a greater positive impact on economically disadvantaged young people than on well-to-do youth.

Schools

Formal institutions and complex social systems designed to transmit the knowledge and skills needed to become productive members of society.

Active Learner Role

An educational perspective where students learn through curiosity and the teacher has little direct influence.

Passive Learner Role

An educational perspective where students absorb and accept whatever the teacher says.

Collaborative Learner Role

An educational perspective where students function in both active and passive learning capacities.

Subculture

Groups of people with beliefs and customs that differ from those of the larger culture.

Extended-Family Household

Households in which parent and child live with one or more adult relatives, such as grandparents who play meaningful roles in guiding younger generations.