CCAS Final Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for Final Exam Review covering Chapters 6-8 of UIT, Word, Excel, and Access.

Rules for creating passwords

Guidelines designed to enhance security by creating strong passwords, such as using a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols, and avoiding easily guessable information.

Logic bomb

A malicious program or code that activates when specific conditions are met, often causing harm to the system.

Ransomware

A type of malware that encrypts a user's data and demands payment to restore access

Denial of service

An attack that overwhelms a system with traffic, rendering it unavailable to users.

Ways a virus spreads

Viruses can spread through email attachments, infected software downloads, or removable media like USB drives.

Biometrics

Authentication methods that use unique physical characteristics, such as fingerprints or retinal patterns, to verify identity.

Encryption

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

Benevolent hackers

Also known as white-hat hackers; individuals who test systems for vulnerabilities to help improve security.

Benefits of networks

Include resource sharing, communication facilitation, and centralized data management.

Bluetooth

A wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between devices.

Smartphone

A mobile device that combines cellular communication with computing functions, such as internet browsing and app usage.

Text messaging

The act of sending short written messages between mobile devices.

Megapixels

A unit of image resolution in digital cameras; one megapixel equals one million pixels.

Video on Demand

A service that allows users to select and watch video content when they choose, rather than at a scheduled broadcast time.

Podcasting

The distribution of audio or video files to subscribers over the internet for playback on personal devices.

Aspect ratio

The proportional relationship between the width and height of a display or image.

Mashup

A web application that combines data or functionality from multiple sources to create a new service.

E-reader

An electronic device designed primarily for reading digital books and periodicals.

Database

An organized collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.

Characteristics of good information

Information should be accurate, timely, relevant, complete, and concise.

How is data stored for easier storage and retrieval

Data is structured in databases using tables, indexes, and schemas to facilitate efficient access and management.

Turing Test

A test proposed by Alan Turing to determine a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human.

CAPTCHA

A challenge-response test used to determine whether the user is human, helping to prevent automated abuse of online services.

Horizontal flow of information between departments

The exchange of information across departments at the same organizational level to promote coordination and collaboration.

Data mining

The process of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns, correlations, and insights.

Benefit of database management systems

DBMS provide efficient data storage, retrieval, and management, ensuring data integrity and security.

Data cleansing

The process of detecting and correcting inaccurate or corrupt data within a dataset.

Bit

The smallest unit of data, representing a binary value (0 or 1).

Byte

A group of 8 bits.

Field

A single piece of data; a combination of bytes.

Record

A collection of related fields.

File

A collection of related records.

Database

A collection of related files organized for easy access.

Data

Raw, unprocessed facts.

Information

Processed data that is meaningful and useful.

Primary Key

A unique identifier for a record in a database table.

Database administrator

A professional responsible for managing and maintaining database systems, ensuring data integrity, security, and performance.

Metadata

Data that provides information about other data, such as descriptions, formats, and structures.

Quick Access toolbar

A customizable toolbar at the left edge of the title bar that contains buttons for frequently used commands.

Ribbon

In many Microsoft app windows, a horizontal strip near the top of the window that contains tabs of grouped commands and buttons.

Format painter button

A feature that copies and pastes formatting from one text selection, cell, or range to another without duplicating any data.

Page break

Forces text to show up on the next page.

Leaders

Dots/Lines that show the reader where to look at.

Theme

Controls fonts/colors/effects.

Watermark

Faint text/image that is behind the main text to prevent copying without giving credit.

Worksheet

A single sheet in a workbook file that is laid out in a grid of rows and columns.

Workbook

A collection of related worksheets contained within a single file

Tabs

A section of the ribbon or a dialog box that contains a group of related commands and settings.

Range

A group of cells in a rectangular block in a worksheet. Also called a cell range.

Formula Bar

The area above the worksheet grid where you enter or edit data in the active cell.

Functions

Let you do calculations easier in Excel, start with =. Functions are usually predefined such as SUM.

Formulas

Let you do operations between cells.

Absolute Reference

Does not change when copied, uses $

Relative Reference

Does change when copied.

IF Function

=IF(logicaltest, valueiftrue, valueif_false)

Proof Formulas

Verifying the accuracy and correctness of formulas and functions (Checking for syntax errors etc.)

Cell name

A name assigned to a cell or cell range that can be used in formulas.

PMT Function

=PMT(rate, nper, pv), Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant interest and payments.

FV Function

=FV(rate, nper, pmt), Calculates the future value of an investment.

PV Function

=PV(rate, nper, pmt) ,Calculates the present value of an investment or loan.

DIV/0 Error

You tried to divide by zero or an empty cell.

N/A Error

Value not available.

Error

Cell is too narrow to display the number.

REF Error

Invalid cell reference.

Worksheet vs. Workbook

A worksheet is a single spreadsheet, a workbook contains multiple worksheets.

PEMDAS

Order of operations in formulas (Parenthesis, Exponents, multiplication/division, addition/subtraction).

Table Object in Access

A table stores raw data in rows and columns.

Report Object in Access

A report formats and presents data in a structured layout for printing or sharing.

Form Object in Access

A form provides a user-friendly interface for entering, editing, and viewing data.

Query Object in Access

A query retrieves specific data from one or more tables based on defined criteria.

Record

In Access and Excel, a row of data in a table, representing a complete set of field values for a specific person, place, object, event, or idea; also called a tuple.

Primary Key

A field that contains unique information for each record. A primary key field cannot contain a null entry.

Join Lines

The line identifying which fields establish the relationship between two related tables; also called a link line.

Relationship reports

In Microsoft Access, a relationship report visually displays how tables in your database are related to each other, typically through primary and foreign keys. It helps in understanding the structure and data flow in your database.

Navigation pane

In Access, a pane in the program window that lets you move between objects (tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules) in the database.

Filter

To specify a set of restrictions to only display specific database records, online images, or files.

Design View

A view in which the structure of an object can be manipulated.

Validation text

In Access, a field property that determines what message appears if a user attempts to make a field entry that does not pass the validation rule for that field.

Validation Rule

A rule that compares one field value in a table record to another field value in the same record to verify their relative accuracy.

Input Mask

A field property that provides a visual guide for users as they enter data.

One-to-one relationship

A relationship between two database tables that connects each record in one table with exactly one record in the other table.

One-to-many relationship

A relationship between two database tables that connects each record in one table with one or more records in the other table.

Referential Integrity

A set of rules that Access enforces to maintain consistency between related tables when you update data in a database, and prevents the creation of orphan records.

Update query

An action query that updates the values in a field.

Append Query

An action query that adds selected records to an existing table.